29 Psychologists

Modules 1 & 2

Solomon Asch

• SOCIAL psychologist

• CONFORMITY

• Line experiment - ppl change responses bc of social pressure to fit in

Albert Bandura

• BEHAVIORIST

• BOBO DOLL - violent media on children through observing/imitating others

• SOCIAL LEARNING theory through observations

Mary Whiton Calkins

• FIRST female APA president

• denied phD

Charles Darwin

• FUNCtionalist

• EVOLUTION

• NATURAL selection

• survival of the fittest

• adaptations

Dorothea Dix

• social REFORMER

• REHABILITATION centers

• mental ASYLUMS

Herman Ebbinghaus

• COGNITIVE psychologist

• MEMORY research

• forgetting and learning CURVE

• SPACING effect

John B. Watson

• Behaviorism

• Little ALBERT experiment

B.F Skinner

• Behaviorist

• operant CONDITIONING rewards and punishments

Jean Piget

• started Cognitive development

  • stages

• Child development

Philip Zimbardo

• SOCIAL psychologist

• stanford PRISON experiment

  • how social situations affect personality

Sigmund Freud

• UNCONSCIOUS mind

• psychoANALYSIS

• psychoSEXUAL

Noam Chomsky

• LINGUIST

• languages have universal GRAMMAR

  • All languges have mama and dada

• language is innate

Stanley Milgram

• SOCIAL psychologist

• OBEDIENCE experiment

  • influence of authority

Eric Erikson

• Social developmental psychologist

• psychoSOCIAL stages of development

• “identity vs role confusion”

Ivan Pavlov

• Behaviorist

• CLASSICAL CONDITIONING - DOGS

Carl Rogers

• HUMANISTIC psychology

• client/person THERAPY

• free will, empathy, active listening

Harry Harlow

• contact comfort

• RHESUS MONKEYS

Margaret Floyd Washburn

• FIRST femal phD

• SECOND female APA president

• ANIMAL MINDS

Gustav Fechner

• founded psychoPHYSICS

• physical stimuli

• PHI phenomenon

Abraham Maslow

• founder of HUMANISM

• HIERARCHY of needs

• self authorization

  • reach fullest potential

G. Stanley Hall

• first LAB USA

• first phD USA

• human and evolution

Elizabeth Loftus

• Eyewitness testimony - RECONSTRUCTIVE

• MISINFORMATION effect

  • misleading info affect on memory

Edward Titchener

• founded STRUCTURALISM and INTROSPECTION

Alfred Binet

• IQ TEST

• mental age

• intellectual disabilities

Lawrence Kohlberg

• created MORAL reasoning

• 3 levels with stages

  • gain rewards or punishment

  • actions that uphold social rules in intent to be liked by others and gain approval

  • abstract reasoning for their actions

• “Heinz Dilemma”

Paul Ekman

• FACIAL expressions affect on emotions

William James Wundt

• FUNCTIONALIST

• first TEXTBOOK of psychology

• smile = happy

John Loke

• EMPIRICIST philosopher

• all knowledge comes from experience

Max Wertheimer

• GESTALT psychologist

• against dividing human thought and behaviour into discrete structures

Biological

emphasizes the brain, nervous system, and the endocrine system

• brain chemistry, hormonal issues, genetic

Humanism

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on human potential and free will

• self, potential, growth, self concept, self image

Behaviorism

emphasized the study of overt or observable behavior

• reward, punishment, reinforced, consequence

Psychoanalytic

developed by Sigmund Freud that focused on the unconscious and early childhood experiences

• childhood, fixated on, unconscious, dream

Cognitive

examines mental processes, thinking, and problem-solving

• perceive, thoughts betray us, think, process information

social-cultural

examines the role of socialization and how culture affects how we act.

evolutionary

emphasized the ideals of Charles Darwin and focused on the survival of species.

• survival of the fittest, adaptation