The Impact of Criminal Justice Processing

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to the impact of criminal justice processing on youth and the various frameworks surrounding youth justice in Canada.

Diversion

The process of redirecting youth cases away from formal court processing.

Primary Deviance

Occasional illegal acts that typically go unnoticed and do not lead to significant societal reactions.

Secondary Deviance

Deviant behaviors that arise due to societal reactions and labels following an initial illegal act.

Extrajudicial Measures (EJM)

Informal measures used to address youth crime without formal court processes, such as warnings and cautions.

Extrajudicial Sanctions (EJS)

Formalized consequences for youth offenses that do not involve court proceedings, used when EJM is inadequate.

Accountability in Diversion

Ensuring that decisions made about diverting youth offenders are subject to oversight and responsibility.

Restorative Justice

An approach that seeks to repair the harm caused by criminal behavior through involvement of victims, offenders, and the community.

Sticky-Stigma

The negative social consequences that extend beyond the offender, affecting their family and associates due to criminal accusations.

Racial Profiling

Law enforcement targeting individuals based on their race rather than evidence of illegal activity.

Victim Participation

The provision under YCJA that victims should be informed and have the opportunity to participate in justice proceedings.

Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)

The legislation governing the youth justice system in Canada, emphasizing rehabilitation and reintegration.

Judicial Interim Release

Conditions under which a young person can be released from custody before their trial.

Presumptive Offences

Serious crimes that may lead to adult sentencing, as specified in the YCJA.

Net Widening

The phenomenon of expanding the reach of the juvenile justice system, potentially leading to more youth being subjected to legal controls.

Police Discretion

The authority given to police officers to make decisions regarding the handling of youth offenses.

Intervention Programs

Programs designed to address youth crime and facilitate the rehabilitation of young offenders.

Victim Reparation

Compensation or restitution provided to the victim by the offender as part of the justice process.

Youth Court

Specialized court for handling cases involving individuals under the age of 18 accused of offenses.

Cultural Sensitivity in Justice

The need for awareness of cultural differences in the treatment and management of youth in the justice system.

Probation

A sentence that allows a youth offender to stay in the community under supervision rather than serving time in custody.