English 11 Semester 2 Vocab Final

Abate

(v.) to make less in amount, degree, etc.; to subside, become less; to nullify; to deduct, omit.

Synonyms- Diminish, decrease, subside, let up

Antonyms-Intensify, increase, magnify, wax

Adulation

(n.) praise or flattery that is excessive

Synonyms- adoration, idolization, hero-worship

Antonyms: ridicule, derision, scorn, odium

Anathema

(n.) an object of intense dislike; a curse or strong denunciation (often used adjectivally without the article)

Synonyms-Malediction, imprecation, abomination

Antonyms-Benediction, blessing

Astute

(adj.) shrewd, crafty, showing practical wisdom

Synonyms- Shrewd, acute, sagacious, judicious, willy

Antonyms- Obtuse, doltish, empty-headed, dumb

Avarice

(n.) a greedy desire, particularly for wealth

Synonyms- Cupidity, rapacity acquisitiveness

Culpable

(adj.) deserving blame, worthy of condemnation

Synonyms: guilty, delinquent, peccant, blameworthy

Antonyms: blameless, innocent, laudable, meritorious

Dilatory

(adj.) tending to delay or procrastinate, not prompt; intended to delay or postpone

Synonyms- Stalling, slow, tardy, laggard

Antonyms- Prompt, punctual, speedy, expeditious

Egregious

(adj.) conspicuous, standing out from the mass (used particularly in an unfavorable sense)

Synonyms- Glaring, flagrant, blatant

Antonyms- Unnoticeable, paltry, piddling

Equivocate

(v.) to speak or act in a way that allows for more than one interpretation; to be deliberately vague or ambiguous

Synonyms-To talk out of both sides of one's mouth, palter, hedge

Antonyms-To speak one's mind plainly and clearly.

Evanescent

(adj.) vanishing, soon passing away; light and airy

Synonyms-Ephemeral, transient, transitory

Antonyms-Everlasting, immortal, imperishable

Irresolute

(adj.) unable to make up one's mind, hesitating

Synonyms-Indecisive, vacillating, wavering

Antonyms-Determined, decisive, unwavering

Nebulous

(adj.) cloudlike, resembling a cloud; cloudy in color, not transparent; vague, confused, indistinct

Synonyms-Hazy, fuzzy, cloudy, vague, murky, opaque, indeterminate

Antonyms- Definite, distinct, clear, sharply focused

Novice

(n.) one who is just a beginner at some activity requiring skill and experience (also used adjectivally)

Synonyms-neophyte, tyro, trainee, apprentice

Antonyms- Veteran, past master, pro, expert

Penury

(n.) extreme poverty; barrenness, insufficiency

Synonyms- Destitution, want, indigence

Antonyms-Affluence, abundance, luxury, opulence

pretentious

(adj.) done for show, striving to make a big impression; claiming merit or position unjustifiably; making demands on one's skill or abilities, ambitious

Synonyms-Inflated, ostentatious, affected

Antonyms- Unassuming, modest

Recapitulate

v. to review a series of facts; to sum up

Synonyms-Review, summarize, sum up, go over

resuscitate

(v.) to revive, bring back to consciousness or existence

Synonyms-Revitalize, reanimate, restore, reactivate

Slovenly

(adj.) untidy; carelessly done

Synonyms-unkempt, slatternly, slipshod, lax

Antonyms-Neat, tidy, careful, meticulous

Supposition

something that is assumed or taken for granted without conclusive evidence

Synonyms-Assumption, presumption, hypothesis

Torpid

(adj.) inactive, sluggish, dull

Synonyms: sluggish, lethargic, otiose, languid

Antonyms: energetic, dynamic, vigorous

Accrue

(v.) to grow or accumulate over time; to happen as a natural result

Synonyms-Collect, accumulate, proceed from

Antonyms- Dwindle, decrease, diminish, lessen

Annotation

(n.) a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work

Bedlam

(n.) a state or scene of uproar and confusion

Synonyms-Commotion, pandemonium, chaos, anarchy

Antonyms-Peace and quiet, order, tranquility

Covert

(adj.) hidden, disguised, purposefully kept secret; sheltered, secluded;

(n.) a sheltered place, a hiding place

Synonyms-Undercover, clandestine, sub-rosa

Antonyms-Open, overt, undisguised

Debonair

(adj.) pleasant, courteous, lighthearted; smooth and polished in manner and appearance

Synonyms-Carefree, jaunty, gracious, suave, urbane

Antonyms-Distraught, agitated, boorish, churlish

Dun

(v.) to demand insistently, especially in payment of a debt;

(n.) a creditor;

(adj.) dark, dull, drab, dingy

Antonyms- Hound, pester, harass, nag

Efficacious

(adj.) effective, producing results

Synonyms: effectual, efficient, potent, powerful

Antonyms: ineffective, worthless, useless

Equanimity

(n.) calmness, composure, refusal to panic

Synonyms: tranquility, imperturbability

Antonyms: excitability, flappability, agitation

fortuitous

(adj.) accidental, occurring by a happy chance

Synonyms: unintentional, unplanned, random, lucky

Antonyms: intentional, deliberate, premeditated

gist

(n.) the essential part, main point, or essence

Synonyms-Substance, core, nucleus

Gratuitous

(adj.) freely given; not called for by circumstances, unwarranted

Synonyms-Voluntary, unjustified, uncalled-for

Antonyms-Justified, warranted

imperious

(adj.) overbearing, arrogant; seeking to dominate; pressing, compelling

Synonyms-Domineering, magisterial, urgent, imperative

Antonyms-Fawning, obsequious, humble, unassuming

Invective

(n.) a strong denunciation or condemnation; abusive language; (adj.) abusive, vituperative

Synonyms-Vituperation, abuse, diatribe, philippic

Antonyms- Tribute, panegyric, encomium

Motley

(adj.) showing great variety; composed of different elements or many colors; (n.) a jester's costume; a jester

Synonyms- Variegated, heterogeneous, diverse

Antonyms-Uniform, homogenous, monochromatic

munificent

(adj.) extremely generous, lavish

Synonyms: bounteous, liberal

Antonyms: stingy, miserly, tightfisted, parsimonious

Procrastinate

(v.) To delay, put off until later

Synonyms-stall, temporize, dillydally

provocative

(adj.) tending to produce a strong feeling or response; arousing desire or appetite; irritating, annoying

Synonym-Stimulating, arousing, vexing, galling

Antonyms- Dull, insipid, bland, unstimulating

Recondite

(adj.) exceeding ordinary knowledge and understanding

Synonyms: esoteric, arcane, profound, abstruse

Antonyms: simple, uncomplicated

Reprobate

(n.) a depraved, vicious, or unprincipled person, scoundrel; (adj.) wicked, corrupt, or unprincipled; (v.) to disapprove of, condemn

Synonyms-Scoundrel, blackguard, immoral, corrupt

Antonyms-Saint, upright, virtuous, moral

Sedentary

(adj.) characterized by or calling for continued sitting; remaining in one place

Synonyms-seated, stationary, static

Antonyms-active, peripatetic, migratory

Abstemious

(adj.) moderate, sparing (as in eating and drinking); characterized by abstinence and self-discipline

Synonyms-temperate, sober, moderate

Antonyms-indulgent, immoderate, intemperate

Censurable

(adj.) deserving of blame or correction

Synonyms: blameworthy, discreditable, reprehensible

Antonyms: commendable, laudable, meritorious

Contingent

(adj.) likely but not certain to happen, possible; dependent on uncertain events or conditions; happening by chance; (n.) a representative group forming part of a larger body

Synonyms-conditional, dependent, a detachment

Antonyms-Independent of, unconnected with, certain

corroborate

(v.) to confirm, make more certain, bolster, substantiate, verify

Antonyms-refute, contradict, undermine, discredit

denizen

(n.) an inhabitant, resident; one who frequents a place

Synonyms-resident, dweller, habitue

Antonyms-Alien, outsider, stranger

Discursive

(adj.) passing aimlessly from one place or subject to another, rambling, roving, nomadic

Synonym-digressive, diffuse, wandering episodic

Antonyms-short and to the point, succinct

disseminate

verb: cause to become widely known

Synonyms : broadcast, circulate , diffuse , disperse , distribute , pass around , propagate , spread

Antonyms-bring together, concentrate, muster, conceal, hide

dowdy

(adj.) poorly dressed, shabby; lacking smartness and good taste

Synonyms-frumpy, tacky, frowsy, drab

Antonyms-chic, stylish, elegant, fashionable

foist

(v.) to impose by fraud; to pass off as worthy or genuine; to bring about by stealth, dishonesty, or coercion

Synonyms-pass off, palm off, fab off

gauche

(adj.) awkward, lacking in social graces, tactless, clumsy

Synonyms-inept, uncouth, maladroit

Antonyms-Adroit, tactful, diplomatic, politic

heresy

(n.) an opinion different from accepted belief; the denial of an idea that is generally held sacred

Synonyms-unorthodox, belief, heterodoxy

Antonyms-orthodoxy

inculcate

v. to impress on the mind by repetition, teach persistently and earnestly

Synonyms-instill, implant, infuse, ingrain, imbue

Antonyms-efface, extirpate, root out

palpable

(adj.) capable of being touched or felt; easily seen, heard, or recognized

Synonyms-tangible, plain, obvious, manifest

Antonyms-intangible, insubstantial, incorporeal

perceptive

(adj.) having sympathetic insight or understanding, capable of keen appreciation

Synonyms-insightful, discerning, observant

Antonyms-dense, thick, obtuse, dim-witted

pernicious

(adj.) extremely harmful; deadly, fatal

Synonyms: injurious, deleterious, baleful, noxious

Antonyms: harmless, innocuous, salutary, salubrious

Salient

(adj.) leaping, jumping, or springing forth; prominent, standing out, conspicuous; (n.) a projection or bulge, a land form that projects upward or outward

Synonyms- striking, notable, protrusive, obvious

Antonyms-inconspicuous, recessive

satiate

(v.) to satisfy completely; to fill to excess; (adj.) full, satisfied

Synonyms-gratify, cloy, surfeit, gorge

Antonyms-Starve, deprive entirely of

Sear

(v.) to make or become dry and withered; to char or scorch the surface of; to harden or make unfeeling; to parch, singe

Synonyms-scorch, burn, singe, char

Specious

(adj.) deceptive, apparently good or valid but lacking real merit

Synonyms-Deceptively plausible, sophistic, casuistic

Antonyms-valid, sound, solid, genuine

Florid

(adj.) highly colored, reddish; excessively ornate, showy

Synonyms-flushed, ruddy, flowery, frilly, flamboyant

Antonyms-pale, ashen, pallid, sallow, austere, stark

Acrimonious

(adj.) stinging, bitter in temper or tone

Synonyms- biting, caustic, rancorous, hostile, peevish

Antonyms- gentle, warm, mild, friendly cordial

Bovine

(adj.) resembling a cow or ox; sluggish, unresponsive

Synonyms-Stolid, dull, slow stupid

Antonyms-Alert, sharp, bright keen, quick

Consternation

(n.) dismay, confusion

SYNONYMS:s hock, amazement, bewilderment, dismay

ANTONYMS: calm, composure, aplomb

Corpulent

(adj.) fat; having a large, bulky body

SYNONYMS: overweight, heavy, obese, stout, portly

ANTONYMS: slender, lean, spare, gaunt, emaciated

Disavow

(v.) to deny knowledge of or responsibility for

Synonyms- Disown, disclaim, retract, abjure

Antonyms- Acknowledge, admit, grant, certify

dispassionate

impartial; calm, free from emotion

Synonyms-Unbiased, disinterested, cool, detached

Antonyms-Committed, engaged, partial, biased

dissension

(n.) disagreement, sharp difference of opinion

SYNONYMS: strife, discord, contention

ANTONYMS: agreement, accord, harmony

dissipate

(v.) to cause to disappear; to scatter, dispel; to spend foolishly, squander; to be extravagant in pursuit of pleasure

Synonyms- Disperse, strew, diffuse, waste

Antonyms-Gather, collect, conserve

expurgate

(v.) to remove objectionable passages or words from a written text; to cleanse, purify

Synonyms-Purge, censor, bowdlerize

gauntlet

(n.) an armored or protective glove; a challenge; two lines of men armed with weapons with which to beat a person forced to run between them; an ordeal

Synonyms-Date, provocation, trial, punishment

hypothetical

(adj.) based on an assumption or guess; used as a provisional or tentative idea to guide or direct investigation

Synonyms-Assumed, supposed, conjectural, conditional

Antonyms- Actual, real, tested, substantiated

ignoble

(adj.) mean, low, base

SYNONYMS: inferior, unworthy, sordid

ANTONYMS: admirable, praiseworthy, lofty, noble

impugn

(v.) to call into question; to attack as false

Synonyms-Challenge, deny, dispute, query, question

Antonyms-Confirm, prove, verify, validate

intemperate

(adj.) immoderate, lacking in self-control; inclement

Synonyms- excessive, extreme, unrestrained, inordinate

Antonyms- Moderate, restrained, cool and collected

odium

(n) hatred, contempt; disgrace or infamy resulting from hateful conduct

Synonyms- Abhorrence, opprobrium, shame, ignominy

Antonyms- Esteem, admiration, approbation

perfidy

n. faithlessness, treachery

Synonyms- betrayal, disloyalty, treason, duplicity

Antonyms- Faithfulness, loyalty, steadfastness

relegate

v. to place in a lower position; to assign, refer, turn over; to banish

Synonyms- transfer, consign, demote, exile

Antonyms- Promote, elevate, advance, recall

squeamish

(adj.) inclined to nausea; easily shocked or upset; excessively fastidious or refined

Synonyms- Nauseated, queasy, delicate, oversensitive, priggish

subservient

(adj.) subordinate in capacity or role; submissively obedient; serving to promote some end

Synonyms- Secondary, servile, obsequious, useful

Antonyms- Primary, principal, bossy, domineering

susceptible

(adj.) open to; easily influenced; lacking in resistance

Synonyms- Vulnerable, receptive, impressionable

Antonyms- Resistant, immune

Austere

(adj.) severe or stern in manner; without adornment or luxury, simple, plain; harsh or sour in flavor

Synonyms- Forbidding, rigorous, puritanical, ascetic, unadorned, subdued

Antonyms- Mild, indulgent, luxurious, flamboyant

Beneficent

(adj.) performing acts of kindness or charity; conferring benefits, doing good

Synonyms- Humanitarian, magnanimous, charitable

Antonyms- Selfish, cruel, harmful, deleterious

Cadaverous

adjective: emaciated; gaunt, pale, resembling a corpse

Synonyms : Corpselike, wasted, haggard, emaciated, ghastly

Antonyms- Robust, portly, rosy, the picture of health

Concoct

(v.) to prepare by combining ingredients, make up (as a dish); to devise, invent, fabricate

Synonyms- create, fashion, rustle up

Crass

(adj.) coarse, unfeeling; stupid

SYNONYMS: crude, vulgar, tasteless, oafish, obtuse

ANTONYMS: refined, elegant, tasteful, polished, brilliant

debase

(v.) to lower in character, quality, or value; to degrade, adulterate; to cause to deteriorate

Synonyms- Cheapen, corrupt, demean, depreciate

Adjective- Elevate, uplift, improve, enhance

Desecrate

(v.) to commit sacrilege upon, treat irreverently; to contaminate, pollute

Synonyms- Profane, defile, violate

Antonyms- Revere, honor, venerate, consecrate

Disconcert

(v.) to confuse; to disturb the composure of

SYNONYMS: upset, rattle, ruffle, faze, perturb

ANTONYMS: relax, calm, put at ease

grandiose

(adj.) grand in an impressive or stately way; marked by pompous affectation or grandeur, absurdly exaggerated

Synonyms- Majestic, bombastic, highfalutin

Antonyms- Simple, modest, unaffected , humble

inconsequential

(adj.) trifling, unimportant

SYNONYMS: trivial, negligible, paltry

ANTONYMS: important, essential, crucial

Infraction

(n.) a breaking of a law or obligation

SYNONYMS: violation, transgression, offense, breach

mitigate

(v.) To make milder or softer, to moderate in force or intensity

Synonyms- lessen, relieve, alleviate, diminish

Antonyms- Aggravate, intensify, irritate, exacerbate

Pillage

(v.) to rob of goods by open force (as in war), plunder; (n.) the act of looting; booty

Synonyms- ravage, sack, loot, booty

prate

(v.) to talk a great deal in a foolish or aimless fashion

SYNONYMS: prattle, blab, palaver, chatter, blabber, palaver

ANTONYM: come to the point, not waste words

Punctilious

(adj.) very careful and exact, attentive to fine points of etiquette or propriety

Synonyms- precise, scrupulous, exacting, fussy, finicky

Antonyms- Careless, negligent, lax, perfunctory

redoubtable

(adj.) inspiring fear or awe; illustrious, eminent

SYNONYMS: formidable, august, fearsome, awesome

ANTONYMS: laughable, risible, contemptible

reprove

(v.) to find fault with, scold, rebuke

SYNONYMS: chastise, upbraid, reproach, chide

ANTONYMS: praise, commend, laud, pat on the back

Restitution

(n.) the act of restoring someone or something to the rightful owner or to a former state or position; making good on a loss or damage

Synonyms- Compensation,, reimbursement, redress, restoration

Stalwart

(adj.) strong and sturdy; brave; resolute; (n.) a brave, strong person; a strong supporter; one who takes an uncompromising position

Synonyms- sturdy, stout, intrepid, valiant, mainstay

Antonyms- weak, infirm, irresolute, vacillating

Vulnerable

(adj.) open to attack; capable of being wounded or damaged; unprotected

Synonyms- Defenseless, exposed, unguarded

Antonyms- Invincible, protected, safe, secure