Apush Unit 2 (Pre to Post Revolution)

Colonial Population + Social Pyramid

• Rapid population growth and instead of 1:20 ratio, 1:3 ratio between colonists and British populations

• Yeomen farmers most common in social pyramid

British Mercantilism

• Colonies send raw materials to England for little in exchange

• Guaranteed British economic success

Triangular Trade

(Ask Mr. Fisher)

The 1st Great Awakening

• Religious revival

• Causes: Church doctrine and dead dog preachers lowers amount of churchgoers

Effects

• Arminianism

  • Free will determines fate (Rejects predestination) and scares many church leaders

• Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

  • Emotional speech that stressed the need for Gods grace

• George Whitfield

  • Toured colonies and gave emotional speeches about God

• Old Lights V. New Lights

  • Old lights/Dead dogs: Opposed the revival movement of emotional speeches

  • New lights: Loved emotional movements to increase church memberships

Education + Culture

• Education: Created good Christians but not good citizens compared to today

  • Ex: Harvard

• Culture: Suffered due to religion being more focused on

  • Defined as cultivation/growth of the mind

John Peter Zenger

• Journalists who criticized royal governors

• Found not guilty in trial

  • Foundation of “Freedom the press” in first amendment

New France

• Engaged in the Beaver trade

• Jesuits attempted to convert Natives

• Missionaries and explorers helps gain massive amounts of land

French Indian war / 7 years war

• Cause

  • British and French dispute over upper Ohio river valley territory

• Effects

  • Colonists see the need to unionize in the war

    • Albany Plan of Union

      • Rejected by colonists as it proposed too little independence

      • Rejected by British as it proposed too much independence

  • Treaty of Paris (1763)

    • French loses war and gives land up to British

• British ends with major debt (End of salutary neglect)

  • Proclamation of 1763

    • Prohibits colonies from expanding west of Appalachian Mountains

    • Colonial unity

Causes of Revolution

• Salutary neglect

• The Enlightenment

  • Intellectual movement toward reason and science

    • Argued against monarchies and favored representative democracy (Republicanism)

• Mercantilism

  • Policy favored the mother country a more significant amount than the colonies

Grenville acts

• Filled with multiple acts to repay British debt from French Indian war

  • Sugar Act: Taxed sugar

  • Currency Act: Prohibited colonies from creating their own currency

  • Stamp Act: Taxed all legal documents

  • Quartering Act: Required colonies to provide housing and food for British troops

• Colonial Response

  • “No taxation without representation”

  • Stamp act congress

    • Asserts colonies can tax themselves and need representation

  • Sons and Daughters of liberty start up violence

• Causes Grenville act to be repealed and replaced with Townshend Acts

Townshend Acts

• Taxed paper, lead, and tea

• Colonial Response

  • Smuggling

  • Boston Massacre

    • British troops fire into a crowd due to many townspeople rioting and using violence

    • Used to as propaganda to make British look terrible

  • Committees of Correspondence

    • Made to spread awareness of British policies to more colonists

  • Boston Tea Party

    • Colonists threw British tea into the ocean to protest the British

Intolerable Acts

• Closes Boston port till damages repaid

• Limited colonial town meetings

• British officials tried in British courts for crimes

• Colonial Response

  • 1st Continental Congress

    • Listed colonial grievances (Rejected by British)

    • Created “The Association” which was a full boycott on British goods (Effective)

2nd Continental Congress

• Response to Lexington and Concord Battle

• Independent was not desired much at the time

  • Olive Branch Petition (Rejected by Britain)

    • Sought reconciliation with Britain

    • Pledges loyalty and lists grievances

• Created army and navy with George Washington as the military leader

Common Sense

• Creation heavily influenced by The Enlightenment

  • Lists natural rights and representation in government

• Heavily gathers support for independence

Declaration of Independence

• Declares colonies independent from Britain

  • Colonial Unity

• Entices other countries to support colonies

Loyalists and Patriots

• Loyalists (1/3 of colonists)

  • Supported British and helped them in the war

  • Mostly made of Elderly, wealthy, and well-educated

• Patriots (1/3 of colonists)

  • Against Britain in the war

• Note that 1/3 of colonists are neutral and both sides of the revolutionary war attempt to influence the neutral parties

Battle of Saratoga

• Marked major Colonial victory

• France enters war by supporting colonists

  • France wanted to prevent Britain and Colonial reunion

Treaty of Paris (1783)

• Marks Colonists victory

• British attempt to play generous to colonists to prevent France from having a new ally