A&P II LAB- Intro + Endocrine

Thyroid Gland visual

Thyroid Gland

• Under larynx

• thyroid hormones produced in colloid

• Has distinctive “pools” of colloid surrounded by follicle cells (simple cuboidal epithelium).

• Looks like cobblestone street. The “stones” are the colloid and the “mortar” is the follicle cells.

Be able to identify under the ‘scope:

• Gland

• Follicle

• Colloid

Hormones:

• Calcitonin

• Thyroid Hormones (T4 & T3)

Parathyroid gland visual

Parathyroid Gland

• pink dots

• seedy vacuole

• Indistinct compared to the other glands.

• May see the thyroid gland in the field of view on low power.

Be able to identify under the ‘scope:

• gland

Hormones:

• Parathyroid Hormone

Pancreas visual

Pancreas

• I want to eat your pancreas

• endocrine and exocrine glands (into digestive)

• The collections of lighter stained cells (Islets) surrounded by “grape like” darker stained cells (Acini)

• dots are nuclei

Be able to identify under the ‘scope:

• Gland

• Pancreatic Islet (of Langerhans)

• Acini

Hormones:

• Insulin

• Glucagon

adrenal glands (suprarenal) visual

Adrenal Gland (suprarenal)

• Has a medulla and a cortex.

• The middle layer of the cortex has cells thatare arranged in distinctive columns

Be able to identify under the ‘scope:

• Gland

• Cortex

• Medulla

Hormones:

Medulla

• Epinephrine

• Norepinephrine

Cortex

• Corticosteroids

  • Mineralocorticoids

    • Aldosterone

  • Glucocorticoids

• Androgen

Testis visual

Testis

• sperm in seminiferous tubules

• interstitial- testosterone

• The seminiferous tubules look like kiwis and the spermatozoa look like the seeds in the kiwi.

• The cells between the kiwis are interstitial cells.

• The entire field of view is the testis.

Be able to identify under the ‘scope:

• Gland

• Seminiferous Tubules

• Interstitial Cells

• Spermatozoa

Hormones:

• Testosterone

pituitary gland (hypophysis) visual

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

Has two parts:

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

• This side stains easily and appears darker

• Heart → hypothalamus → anterior

  • (hypothalamus releases hormone for anterior to release hormone)

  • blood

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

• The nervous tissue is hard to stain and you can almost see the hypothalamic hypophyseal tract

• doesnt produce hormones

• hypothalamus → posterior

• move hormone from 1 organ to the other without leaving cell

• myelinated axons; white matter

Be able to identify under the ‘scope:

• Gland

• Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

• Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Hormones:

Adenohypophysis

• Associated releasing

• hormones

• FSH & LH

• ACTH

• TSH

• GH

• Prolactin

Neurohypophysis

• ADH

• Oxytocin

Ovary visual

Ovary

• Looks like the cartoon representations in the text.

• The mature follicle is the LARGE structure.

• You may or may not be able to view the ovum

• big diagram: medulla “vessels” and cortex “business”

• fluid space in follicle= mature

Be able to identify under the ‘scope:

• Gland

• Oocyte (Immature Ovum)

• Mature Follicle

Hormones:

• Estrogen

• Progesterone

Parathyroid gland diagram

Thyroid gland diagram

Adrenal glands diagram

ovary diagram