APUSH Chapter 25 (1960-1968)

The 60s

Sit-in

Form of protest where Blacks would sit and wait until they were served with access to something. Started the beginning of the civil rights movement.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Formed by a group of activists that wanted to create a beloved community for Blacks where they could stand up for themselves/empower them. Pushed the civil rights movement.

Freedom Rides

Congress allowed integrated groups to ride on buses to see if the ban on segregation in city buses was being followed. Group was attacked and bombed, showing that they were still being segregated.

March on Washington

When civil rights activists and laborers came together to fight for a civil-rights bill and a public-works program. Peak of the non-violent civil rights movement and the ally between the Black movement and White liberals.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Kennedy sent a bunch of exiled Cubans back to Cuba to start a revolt against Fidel Castro to hinder his government and therefore decrease communism but failed. Only strengthened Cuba’s ties with the Soviet Union.

Cuban Missle Crisis

Kennedy found out that there were Soviet missiles in Cuba that could reach the US so with negotiation, the Soviets removed the missiles and the U.S. removed some too. Kennedy opted to negotiate with the Soviet Union more now so that he wouldn’t risk nuclear war.

Civil Rights Act

Passed by Kennedy which banned all segregation in employment and public services. Didn’t address the right to vote in the South which triggered lots of debate and violence, showing that the government had failed at protecting people during their freedom of expression.

Voting Rights Act

Created after another of MLK’s marches to protect the voting rights of people (esp. Blacks) by allowing federal officials to register votes + banning poll tax/literacy tests that prevented Blacks from voting in the past. Increased rate of Black votes.

Hart-Celler Act

Got rid of immigration laws that excluded Asians and created a whole new immigration neutral to race. Changed the demography of immigrants in the U.S.

Great Society

System made by Johnson that gave the poor/elderly healthcare and gave funding to education/urban development. Made to help American living prosper, not to rebuild America like the New Deal. Made more agencies which gave the federal government more power too.

War on Poverty

Gave people access to education, jobs, and skills that would help them permanently escape poverty. Increased social security.

Black Power

Idea that Blacks should strengthen their own economic and political systems so that they can be self-reliant and not have to negotiate with Whites for rights and power. Pushed for racial pride and showed the transition from negotiation to self-reliance.