Honors Modern World History Study Guide Uhas

Every test question

A intellectual movement that approached the world through mathematics and analytics.

The Scientific Revolution

 

An intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems.

The Enlightenment

An unofficial agreement shared by everyone in a society to give up some freedom and security in exchange for protection of rights.

Social Contract

This enlightenment thinker said, "I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."

Voltaire

This enlightenment thinker believed that humans are naturally selfish and wicked.

Hobbes

This enlightenment thinker believed that a government's power comes from the consent of the people.

Locke

This enlightenment thinker believed that the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people and guided by the "general will" of society.

Rousseau

This was the United States first attempt at establishing a working government.

Articles of Confederation

This document outlined the structure of the United States' new government and defined its powers.

Constitution

This document announced the formation of the United States and explained the reason for separation.

Declaration of Independence

System in which the power is divided between national and state governments.

Federal System

The reason for separating the powers of the government is to 

to prevent one ruler from wielding all the power

The Bill of Rights was added to the constitution in order to 

protect individual rights from the power of the national government.

This enlightenment thinker compiled the "Encyclopedia"

Diderot

Life, Liberty, and Property are...

Natural Rights

The belief that truth can be discovered through reason or logical thinking.

Rationalism

The right to bear arms is part of which amendment?

2

Freedom of Speech is part of which amendment?

1

The right to remain silent is part of which amendment?

5

"We the people, in order to form a more perfect union," is an example of which enlightenment idea?

Social Contract

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights," is an example of which enlightenment idea? Which enlightenment thinker did this idea come from?

Natural/Human Rights, Locke

Which enlightenment thinker said, "Power should be a check to power." What enlightenment idea is he speaking about?

Montesquieu, Checks and Balances

What did Montesquieu admire about the government of Britain?

Separation of Powers

Napoleon undertook all of the following EXCEPT:

installing monarchies across all of Europe

 of the following is a radical social reform to France, passed by the radicals in the National Convention?

Attempt to end the Catholic Church and Christianity in France

Participants in the Tennis Court Oath swore to keep meeting until they brought about what?

A just Constitution

How did monarchs in other European countries feel about the French Revolution?

They opposed it because they feared the revolution would spread

Why did Napoleon decide to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States in 1803?

He gave up on American territories and decided to focus on Europe

Which of the following best describes Louis XVI's leadership?

weak

In 1789, King Louis XVI summoned a meeting of the Estates General primarily to:

raise taxes to pay off a growing debt

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed by:

Guillotine

How did Napoleon become France's sole ruler?

He seized control in a coup d'etat

Which European political figure would express the greatest approval for the Palace of Versailles?

Marie Antoinette

During the moderate phase of the revolution, why did the National Assembly lose the support of many of the nation's peasants?

It passed reforms to the Catholic Church that confiscated lands and took away independence

Identify why the Congress of Vienna was considered a "triumph for its time"?

all of the above

All of the following were goals of the Congress of Vienna EXCEPT:

punishing France and leaving it severely weakened

Why were the Holy Alliance and the Concert of Europe formed?

to combat democratic movements that may erupt in revolution

What strategy did the Russians use under Czar Alexander I to defeat Napoleon's forces?

scorched-earth policy

All of the following contributed to the large national debt of France EXCEPT:

reduced spending by Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

For support in creating the “Republic of Virtue,” Robespierre depended on the

Committee of Public Safety

In he Peninsula War, Napoleon's army was faced with what kind of tactic?

guerilla warfare

Many people in France saw the Bastille as a symbol of:

a tyrannical monarchy

The Declaration of Rights of Man was modeled after

The Bill of Rights

What did Metternich hope to achieve at the Congress of Vienna?

prevent future French aggression by restoring a balance of power and Europe's royal familes to their thrones

French voters supported Napoleon's decision to name himself emperor because:

he had successfully restored stability and peace to France

Robespierre believed that France could achieve a "republic of virtue" only through:

the use of terror

Which statement best describes the “Third Estate”?

the non-noble, non-clergy, section of the French population

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen guaranteed all of the following EXCEPT:

equal rights for women

Which country was Napoleon's arch-rival whom he failed to defeat because of their naval supremacy?

Great Britain

Which of the following is an important consequence of the battle of Trafalgar?

Britain had the strongest Navy for the next 100 years

The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by:

restoring hereditary monarchies

In 1789, the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to be the National Assembly were from the:

Third Estate

For support in creating the “Republic of Virtue,” Robespierre depended on the

Committee of Public Safety

Robespierre wanted to protect the French Revolution through the use of...

Terror

The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s is known as what.

Industrial Revolution

Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?

living and working conditions were improved

The growth of cities and migration of people into them is known as what?

Urbanization

During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?

People migrated from rural areas to cities.

Textile workers in the mid-19th century often

worked long hours with dangerous machinery

The first factories developed in what industry?

textiles

How did the agricultural revolution lead to the industrial revolution?

all responses are correct

Which of these is not a factor of production?

Government

Farm land that was formerly worked by village farmers

Enclosures

The early nineteenth-century textile industry was characterized by all of the following except

an exclusively male work force.

What are the factors of production?

land, labor, capital

Before the industrial revolution, most people lived

in rural areas

Reform laws called “factory laws” were passed in the early 1800s to

all responses are correct

The development of steam power enabled the growth of

railroads

The people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were part of the

working class.

Factors that contributed to Britain’s industrial success included all of the following except

an abundance of cheap land so that most people could own their own farms

How were railroads an improvement over canals?

Railroads did not have to follow the course of a river.

Someone who takes the risk of setting up a new business is called

an entrepreneur

Land enclosure in the 1600s and 1700s resulted in

larger farms

What impact did technological advancements have on industry?

all responses are correct

A system of manufacturing large number of identical items.

Mass Production

All of the following inventions helped revolutionize the textile industry except

the Clermont

Many early factory workers were women because

employers could pay women less than men.

Most rural villagers in pre-industrial times were

farmers

A production method in which workers repeatedly perform one task in the manufacturing process

assembly line

The economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference.

Laissez Faire

A refusal to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands.

Strike

A situation where people rely on others to provide the goods and services they need.

Economic Interdependence

The Bessemer process was a method for producing

steel

The Bessemer process was a method for producing

supply and demand

The Bessemer process was a method for producing

an unrestricted free market.

An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.

Union

According to Karl Marx, the final stage of human history will be a classless society, which he called

communism

Marx despised capitalism because he believed it

created prosperity for a few and poverty for many.

Karl Marx argued that history was advanced by the warring conflicts between

classes

According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was

shared ownership of the means of production.

Socialists believe that the state should own and operate the means of production in order to

distribute wealth equally

Which strategy was used by labor unions to successfully improve conditions in factories?

Workers could use collective bargaining.

How are socialism and communism similar?

Both believe that capitalism causes poor working and living conditions.

“The greatest happiness for the greatest number” was a goal of

utilitarianism

Why did so few Europeans travel into Africa's interior before the late 1800s?

The climate and geography were difficult for Europeans

How were European countries able to control large territories in Africa from so far away?

By using modern weaponry, transportation, and communication

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference, which was held in 1884-1885?

To establish rules for European countries to claim territory in Africa

What newly developed weapon helped the Europeans subdue resistant colonies in the late 1800s?

Maxim Machine Gun

A region where an imperialist power possesses exclusive trading rights but does not govern the native people is referred to as a

sphere of influence

One factor that motivated imperialism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was the

acquisition of new markets and valuable resources.