Order Ixodidea, Suborder Metastigmata (Part 4)

Genus Amblyomma

Usually ornate

Eyes and festoons present

Hypostome and palpi long

Male w/out ventral plates, but small plaques maybe present close to festoons

They are usually large and broad

Bont Tick

Amblyomma hebraeum other name

warmer parts of South and Central

Amblyomma hebraeum occurs in (loc. world)

all domestic and many wild mammals

Amblyomma hebraeum parasitic in all

bird

Amblyomma hebraeum young stage attacks

perineal and genital region and produce severe wound

Amblyomma hebraeum attaches to (loc. body)

-Rickettsia ruminantium

-cause of Heartwater of cattle, sheep, goats

-R. conori of tick bite fever

Amblyomma hebraeum transmits

Republic South Africa and Kenya

Amblyomma pomposum and Amblyomma gemma occurs in (loc. world)

R. ruminantium

Amblyomma pomposum and Amblyomma gemma transmits

variegated tick/tropical bont tick

Amblyomma variegatum other name

Ethiopian faunal region, South western Africa, Southern Africa

Amblyomma variegatum occurs in (loc. world)

-Heartwater disease

-Nairobi sheep disease

-Coxiella burnetti

Amblyomma variegatum transmits

Amblyomma variegatum Life Cycle

▪ Pre-oviposition period- 12-18 days

▪ Larvae hatch- 53-86 days

▪ Larvae engorge- 5-7 days

▪ Larvae moult- 14-22 days

▪ Nymphs engorge- 5-7 days

▪ Nymphs moult- 19-24 days

▪ Adult engorge- 10-12 days

Amblyomma americanum Life cycle

▪ Female lays- 1000-8000 eggs

▪ Pre-oviposition - 5-13 days

▪ Larvae hatch- 23-117 days

▪ Larvae engorge- 3-9 days

▪ Larvae moults- 8-26 days

▪ Nymphs engorge- 3-8 days

▪ Nymphs moult- 13-46 days

▪ Adult engorge- 9-24 days

▪ Unfed larvae survive- 48-279 days

▪ Unfed nymphs survive- 3-476 days

▪ Unfed adult survive- 393-430 days

Lone star tick

Amblyomma americanum other name

USA

Amblyomma americanum occurs in (loc. world)

foxes & smaller mammals

Amblyomma americanum host

ear; heavy infection: head, belly, flanks

Amblyomma americanum site in body

3 host tick

Amblyomma americanum Tick Classification

Cayene tick

Amblyomma cajennense

USA, Mexico, south and Central America and Carribean

Amblyomma cajennense loc world

Horse (chiefly parasitized), Wide range of animals

Amblyomma cajennense Hosts

3 host tick

Amblyomma cajennense Tick Classification

-Spotted Fever (South America)

-L. pomona

Amblyomma cajennense transmits

Amblyomma maculatum Life Cycle

▪ Female lays- 4500- 18000 eggs

▪ Pre-oviposition- 3-9 days

▪ Larvae hatch- 21-142 days

▪ Larvae engorge- 25-100 days

▪ Larvae moult- 7-121 days

▪ Nymphs engorge- 4-11 days

▪ Nymphs moult- 17-71 days

▪ Adult engorge- 5-18 days

▪ Unfed larvae survive- up to 179 days

▪ Unfed adult survive- up to 411 days

Atlantic & Gulf of Mexico

Amblyomma maculatum loc. world

Gulf Coast Tick

Amblyomma maculatum other name

Ground-inhabiting birds, Rodents

Amblyomma maculatum LARVAE & NYMPHS occur (animal)

cattle, also in sheep, horse, dog and man

Amblyomma maculatum ADULTS occur (animal)

Not known to transmit disease but associated to tick paralysis

Amblyomma maculatum transmits

3 host tick

Amblyomma maculatum Tick classification

Genus Aponomma

Eyes vestigial or absent

Species almost occurs exclusively on reptiles

Genus Rhipicentor

Resembles Dermacentor dorsally and Rhipicephalus ventrally

It is inornate

Basis capituli is hexagonal dorsally and has prominent lateral angles

Coxa IV in males bears 2 long spurs

Dermacentor

Genus Rhipicentor resembles this spp. DORSALLY

Rhipicephalus

Genus Rhipicentor resembles this spp. VENTRALLY

Inornate

Rhipicentor (Ornate, Inornate)

-hexagonal

-has prominent lateral angles

Genus Rhipicentor Basis capituli shape dorsally

Rhipicentor bicornis, Rhipicentor nutalli

2 spp of interest of Genus Rhipicephalus

Rhipicentor bicornis

occurs on domestic and wild animals

Rhipicentor nutalli

occurs on hedgehog, dog, hyenas, other carnivores and cattle

-Tick toxicosis

-Blood loss

-Bite loss and worry

-Bite wound

Direct Effect of Ixodid Ticks on the Host