Lab prac.

Trichuriasis

1. egg in feces

2. 2 cell stage

3. advanced cleavage

4. embryonated eggs are ingested

5. larvae in small intestine

6. adult in cecum

D. latum proglottids

contain genital pore, uterus, ovary, testes and vitellaria

hook worms

1. eggs in feces

2. rhabditiform larvae hatches

3. development to filariform larvae

4. filariform penetrates skin

5. adults in small intestine

nematodes

contains microfaliaria, rhabditiform, and filariform

echinostomid fluke (trematode)

1. eggs passed in feces

2. eggs in water

3. miracidia hatch

4. miracidia penetrates snail (1st).

5. sporocyst → rediae → cercariae in snail

6. cercariae invades 2nd host

7. metacercariae in second host, then ingested by human

8. excysts in the duodenum

9. adult in small instestine

parignamiasis

1. egg in water

2. miracidia penetrates snail

3. sporocyst → rediae → cercariae in snail

4. cercariae invades crustaceans and encysts into metacercariae

5. human ingests infected crustaceans

6. excysts in duodenum

7. adults in lungs. passes through sputum

1. eggs pass in feces

2. ingested by an arthropod intermediate host

3. oncoshpere hatch and penetrate intestinal wall

4. cysticerci in body cavity of insect ingested by human or rodent

5. scolex

6. adults in small intestine

7. gravid proglottids

diphyllobothriid tapeworms

1. unembryonated eggs pass in feces

2. eggs embryonate in water

3. carocidia hatch from eggs and are ingested by the first intermediate host, crustaceans

4. procercoid larvae developes in the body cavity of crustsceans

5. crustacean infected by fish, larvae develops into plerocercoid

6. big fish eats small fish (paratenic host)

7. definitive host ingests plerocercoids through fish

8. adults in small intestine

F. hepatica (trematode)

1. eggs in feces

2. embryonated egg in water

3. miracidia hatch and seek out small intestine of snail

4. miracidia penetrate snail

5. sporocyst → rediae → cercariae

6. cercariae encysts on vegetation

7. vegetation ingested by host

8. flukes excyst in duodenum, through liver to biliary ducts

9. adults in biliary ducts

E. vermicularis (nematode)

1. eggs in perianal folds

2. eggs ingested by humans

3. larvae hatch in small intestine

4. adults in lumen of cecum

5. gravid female migrates to perianal pegion at night to lay eggs

D. caninum (cestodes)

1. gravid proglottids are passed intact in the feces from perianal region of either animal or human hosts

2. the proglottids disintergrate and release the egg packets

3. larvae of the flea ingest the egg packets. oncossphere → cysticercoid

4. flea larvae mature into adult fleas

5. definitive host is infected by ingestiog fleas containing cysticercoids

6. scolex in small intestine

ascaris (nematode)

1. adults in small intestine

2. eggs in feces

3. embryonated eggs with L3 Larvae

4. ingestion of embryonated eggs

5. larvae are coughed up and swallowed, re entering the gastorintestinal tract. Maturation in the small intestine

taeniasis

1. eggs or gravid proglottids in feces are passed into tje environment

2. cattle and pigs become infected by ingesting vegetation contaminated by eggs or gravid proglottids \

3. oncoshpheres hatch, penetrate intestinal wall, and circulate to muculature

4. oncospheres develop into cysticerci in muscle

5. humans infected by ingesting raw or undercooked meat

6. scolex attatches to intestine

7. adults in small intestine

Dirofilariasis (nematode)

1. mosquito takes a blood meal

2. adults in pulmonary artery,

3. adults produce microfilariae that typically are found in peripheral blood

4. mosquito takes blood meal

5. microfilariae penetrate mosquitos midgut and migrate to malpighian tubules

6. L1 larvae

7. L3 larvae

8. migrate to head mosquitos probscis

9. lesions in pulmonary vessels

1. eggs in feces

2. eggs ingested by insect

3. cysticercoid develops in insect

4. humans and rodents are infected when they ingest cysticercoid infected arthropod

5. embryonated eggs is ingested by humans from contaminated water, food, or hands

6. Oncoshpere hatches cysticercoid develops in intestinal villus

7. scolex

8. adult in ileal portion of small intestine

9. eggs can be released through the genital atrium of the gravid proglottids can also disintergrate releasing eggs that are passed in stools

10. autoinfection can occur if eggs remain in the intestine. the eggs release the embryo which penetrates the intestinal villus

S. Stercoralis

1. rhabdiform larvae in intestine are excreted in stool

2. development into free living adult worms

3. eggs are produced by fertilized female worms

4. rhabdiform larave hatch from embryonated eggs