Endocrinology Medical Terminology

aden/o

gland

adren/o

adrenal glands

adrenal/o

adrenal glands

crin/o

secrete

glyc/o

sugar

glycos/o

sugar

oophor/o

ovary

orchi/o

testes

ovari/o

ovary

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

pineal/o

pineal gland

pituitar/o

pituitary gland

testicul/o

testes

thym/o

thymus gland

thyr/o

thyroid gland

thyroid/o

thyroid gland

adenocarcinoma

cancerous tumor in gland

adenocyte

gland cell

adenoid

resembling gland

adenomalacia

softening of gland

adrenal

pertaining to the adrenal gland

adrenomegaly

enlarged adrenal gland

adrenalectomy

surgical removal of adrenal gland

adrenalitis

adrenal gland inflammation

adrenalopathy

adrenal gland disease

endocrinology

study of (the glands that) secrete within

endocrinologist

one who studies (that glands that) secrete within

endocrinoma

tumor that secretes within

endocrinopathy

disease that secretes within

hyperglycemia

blood condition of excessive sugar

hypoglycemia

blood condition of insufficient sugar

glycosuria

condition of sugar in urine

oophoritis

ovary inflammation

oophoroplaty

surgical repair of ovary

oophorotomy

cutting into ovary

oophorectomy

surgical removal of ovary

orchiectomy

surgical removal of testes

orchiopexy

surgical fixation of testes

orchiotomy

cutting into testes

ovarian

pertaining to ovary

ovariocentesis

puncture of ovary to remove fluid

ovariorrhexis

ruptured ovary

pancreatic

pertaining to pancreas

pancreatectomy

surgical removal of pancreas

pancreatitis

pancreas inflammation

pancreatotomy

cutting into pancreas

parathyroidal

pertaining to parathyroid gland

parathroidectomy

surgical removal of parathyroid gland

hyperparathyroidism

condition of excessive parathyroid gland (secretion)

hypoparathyroidism

condition of insufficient parathyroid gland (secretion)

pinealectomy

surgical removal of pineal gland

hypopituitarism

condition of insufficient pituitary gland (secretion)

hyperpituitarism

condition of excessive pituitary gland (secretion)

polydipsia

too much thirst

polyuria

condition of (producing) too much urine

testicular

pertaining to testes

thymic

pertaining to thymus gland

thymectomy

surgical removal of thymus gland

thymitis

thymus gland inflammation

thymoma

thymus gland tumor

thromegaly

enlarged thyroid gland

thyrotomy

cutting into thyroid gland

thyroidal

pertaining to thyroid gland

thyroiditis

thyroid gland inflammation

thyroidectomy

surgical removal of thyroid gland

hyperthyroidism

condition of excessive thyroid gland (secretion)

hypothyroidism

condition of insufficient thyroid gland (secretion)

acromegaly

chronic condition developing in adults with excessive growth hormone; results in elongation and enlargement of bones of head and extremities

adrenal feminization

development of female secondary sexual characteristics (like breasts) in male as result of increased estrogen secretion by adrenal cortex

adrenal virilism

development of male secondary sexual characteristics in female as result of increased androgen secretion by adrenal cortex

blood serum test

blood test to measure level of substances such as hormones in bloodstream, used to study function of endocrine glands

corticosteroids

in addition to its normal function, these hormones secreted by adrenal cortex also have strong anti-inflammatory action; can be used to treat severe chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis

cretinism

congenital condition causing lack of thyroid ormones; results in poor physical and mental development

cushing syndrome

condition resulting from hypersecretion of adrenal cortex; can be product of adrenal gland tumor; symptoms include weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis

diabetes insipidus (DI)

condition caused by insufficient antidiuretic hormone secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia

diabetes mellitus (DM)

chronic disorder of sugar metabolism; symptoms include hyperglycemia and glycosuria; two different forms of diabetes mellius

dwarfism

being excessively short in height; can result from lack of growth hormone

exophthalmos

condition in which eyeballs protrude, such as in graves disease; commonly caused by hypersection of thyroid hormones

fasting blood sugar (FBS)

blood test to measure amount of sugar in bloodstream after a 12-hour fast

gigantism

excessive growth of body due to hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child or teenager

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

test for initial diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; patient is given dose of glucose; then blood samples are taken at regular intervals to determine patient's ability to use glucose properly

goiter

enlargement of the thyroid gland

graves disease

condition resulting from hypersecretion of thyroid hormones; symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter

hashimoto disease

chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis, results in hyposecretion of thyroid hormones

hormone replacement therapy

artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders; available in pill, injection, or adhesive skin path forms

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

also called type 1 diabetes mellitus; tends to develop early in life pancreas stops producing insulin; can be autoimmune disease; patient must take insulin injections

myxedema

condition resulting from hyposecretion of thyroid hormone in adult; symptoms, include anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, puffy and dry skin, drowsiness, and mental sluggishness

noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

also called type 2 diabetes mellitus; typically develops later in life; pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin but cells fail to respond; patient can take medication to improve insulin function

pheochromocytoma

usually benign tumor of adrenal medulla; secretes excessive amount of epinephrine; symptoms include anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, hypertension, profuse sweating, headache, and nausea

radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)

test of thyroid function that measures how much radioactively tagged iodine is removed from the bloodstream by thyroid gland

radioimmunoassay (RIA)

test used to measure levels of hormones in plasma of blood

tetany

nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia

thyroid function test (TFT)

blood test to measure levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the bloodstream to evaluate thyroid function

thyroid scan

test in which radioactive is administered and localizes in the thyroid gland; gland is visualized with scanning device, able to detect thyroid gland tumors

thyrotoxicosis

condition resulting from extreme hypersecretion of thyroid hormones; symptoms include rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, and weight loss

ACTH

adrenocorticotropic hormone

ADH

antidiuretic hormone

DI

diabetes insipidus

DM

diabetes mellitus