3.1.2.4 Use of Guidance and Feedback

Feedback

Information received during/after performance to improve future performance

Purposes of feedback

Reinforce correct performance, Identify errors, Motivate

Types of feedback

Knowledge of results, Knowledge of performance, Positive, Negative, Extrinsic, Intrinsic

Feedback for beginners/autonomous

Positive, Extrinsic, KR. Negative, intrinsic, KP

Knowledge of results advantages

Motivational, objective, easy to understand

Knowledge of results disadvantages

Not explain HOW to improve, outcome focus over technique

Knowledge of performance

Information about quality of movement/technique

KP advantages

Improves technique, reduces erros, essential for development

KP disadvantages

Overload, requires understanding, subjective

Positive feedback advantages

Increases confidence/motivation, encourages correct repetition

Positive feedback weaknesses

Overuse reduces credibility, mask errors

Extrinsic feedback strengths

Accurate, provides detail

Intrinsic feedback

Feedback from internal sensory systems (proprioception, kinesthesis)

Intrinsic feedback advantages

Always available, independence, essential for autonomous

Guidance

Information given before/during performance to increase understanding

Verbal

Spoken information to describe skills and correct errors

Verbal strengths

Quick/easy, tailored, effective for simple skills

Visual strengths

Mental image, complex skills, visual learners

Visual weaknesses

Poor demonstrations cause bad technique, requires attention/focus

Manual guidance

Physical support/manipulation of performer

Manual strengths

Confidence, understand movement patterns, dangerous skills

Manual weaknesses

Dependency, not allowed in competition

Mechanical

Equipment supports/guides movement

Mechanical advantages

Safety, technique practice, confidence