ch8 french complete grammar

What do adverbs describe in French?

How, when, and where actions take place

What are some common French adverbs already learned?

Bien, surtout, très

How do you form an adverb from an adjective ending in a consonant?

Take the feminine singular form and add -ment

How do you form an adverb from an adjective whose masculine form ends in a vowel?

Add -ment directly to the masculine form

How do you form adverbs from adjectives ending in -ant?

Replace -ant with -amment

How do you form adverbs from adjectives ending in -ent?

Replace -ent with -emment

What is the exception to the -ent adverb rule?

Lent becomes lentement

What does lentement mean?

Slowly

What is the adverb form of bon?

Bien

What is the adverb form of mauvais?

Mal

What is the adverb form of petit?

Peu

What is the adverb form of gentil?

Gentiment

What is the difference between vite and rapidement?

Vite means fast, rapidement means quickly

What does jamais mean?

Never

What does parfois mean?

Sometimes

What does rarement mean?

Rarely

What does souvent mean?

Often

What does de temps en temps mean?

From time to time

What does en général mean?

In general

What does quelquefois mean?

Sometimes

What is the normal sentence structure with adverbs?

Subject + verb + adverb + object

Where does the adverb go in passé composé?

After the auxiliary verb

Example of adverb placement in passé composé

J’ai bien dormi

Where does the adverb go in negation?

After pas

Example of adverb placement in negation

Il ne mange pas souvent ici

Where are time and place adverbs usually placed?

At the beginning or end of the sentence

Where are long adverbs ending in -ment usually placed?

At the end of the sentence

Where are modifying adverbs placed?

Before the word they modify

Example of modifying adverb placement

Très grand

What does activement mean?

Actively

What does franchement mean?

Frankly/honestly

What does heureusement mean?

Fortunately

What does malheureusement mean?

Unfortunately

What does poliment mean?

Politely

What does facilement mean?

Easily

What does absolument mean?

Absolutely

What does vraiment mean?

Really

What does constamment mean?

Constantly

What does couramment mean?

Fluently

What does différemment mean?

Differently

What does évidemment mean?

Obviously

What tense is the imparfait?

Imperfect tense

What is the imparfait used for?

Repeated or habitual actions in the past during an unspecified period of time

How do you form the imparfait?

Take the nous form in present tense, remove -ons, and add imparfait endings

What are the imparfait endings?

ais, ais, ait, ions, iez, aient

What is the imparfait ending for je?

ais

What is the imparfait ending for tu?

ais

What is the imparfait ending for il/elle/on?

ait

What is the imparfait ending for nous?

ions

What is the imparfait ending for vous?

iez

What is the imparfait ending for ils/elles?

aient

Does imparfait require an auxiliary verb?

No

What happens to -ger verbs in imparfait?

Add an e before endings except for nous and vous

Example of a -ger imparfait verb

Nous déménagions

What happens to -cer verbs in imparfait?

Change c to ç except for nous and vous

Example of a -cer imparfait verb

Ils commençaient

What happens with -ier verbs in imparfait?

Nous and vous forms contain double i

What verb is commonly used for descriptions in imparfait?

Être

What is the imparfait conjugation of être?

J’étais, tu étais, il était, nous étions, vous étiez, ils étaient

What does il y avait mean?

There was/there were

What does il pleuvait mean?

It was raining

What does il neigeait mean?

It was snowing

What does il fallait mean?

It was necessary

What is the main difference between passé composé and imparfait?

Passé composé has a clear beginning/end, imparfait does not

What is passé composé used for?

Completed past actions

What is passé composé used for besides completed actions?

Beginning/end of actions and series of events

What is imparfait used for?

Ongoing actions, habitual actions, descriptions, emotions, conditions

When both tenses are in the same sentence, what usually happens?

The passé composé interrupts the imparfait action

Example of interruption with passé composé and imparfait

Vous dormiez quand il a téléphoné

What can imparfait + passé composé express together?

Cause and effect

Example of cause and effect with imparfait and passé composé

J’avais faim donc j’ai mangé

What does the imparfait usually provide in stories?

Background description

What does passé composé usually provide in stories?

Specific foreground events

Which adverbs often signal passé composé?

Soudain, tout d’un coup, une fois

Which adverbs often signal imparfait?

Autrefois, d’habitude, parfois, souvent, toujours, tous les jours

What does soudain mean?

Suddenly

What does tout d’un coup mean?

All of a sudden

What does autrefois mean?

In the past

What does d’habitude mean?

Usually

What is the difference between savoir and connaître?

Savoir = know facts/how to do something, connaître = know/be familiar with people, places, or things

What does savoir mean?

To know facts or know how to do something

What does connaître mean?

To know or be familiar with a person, place, or thing

What does savoir mean in passé composé?

Found out

What does connaître mean in passé composé?

Met for the first time

What is the past participle of savoir?

Su

What is the past participle of connaître?

Connu

What does reconnaître mean?

To recognize

Does reconnaître follow the same conjugation as connaître?

Yes

What is the present tense conjugation of savoir for je?

Sais

What is the present tense conjugation of savoir for nous?

Savons

What is the present tense conjugation of connaître for je?

Connais

What is the present tense conjugation of connaître for nous?

Connaissons