Oxygenation: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), focusing on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and nursing interventions.

What is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

A rapid onset of non-cardiac pulmonary edema with progressive refractory hypoxemia.

List some primary causes of ARDS.

Pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, inhalation injuries, near drowning.

What are some indirect insults that can lead to ARDS?

Sepsis, major burns, drug overdoses, pancreatitis.

What is the mortality rate range for ARDS?

25% to 45%.

What are early clinical manifestations of ARDS?

Dyspnea and tachypnea.

What diagnostic tests are commonly used for ARDS?

ABG analysis, chest x-ray, CBC, blood chemistry, blood cultures.

What is the role of nitric oxide in ARDS treatment?

It's used to increase vasodilation in the pulmonary vasculature and improve oxygenation.

What does 'hyaline membrane formation' indicate in ARDS?

An indicator of decreased lung compliance and impaired gas exchange.

How does ARDS affect oxygenation in patients?

It leads to impaired gas exchange and can cause hypoxemia and respiratory failure.

What are common nursing interventions for patients with ARDS?

Assess vital signs, monitor ABGs, administer bronchodilators, and suction as needed.

How is nutritional support managed in ARDS patients?

Initiate enteral feedings within 12 to 24 hours after admission.

What are the potential complications of mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients?

Ventilator-associated pneumonia, barotrauma, pneumothorax.

What types of ventilators are used in ARDS treatment?

Negative pressure ventilators and positive pressure ventilators.

What factors affect the effectiveness of weaning from ventilator support?

Preexisting lung conditions, duration of mechanical ventilation, and patient's physical and psychological state.

How does ARDS manifest differently in older adults?

They have a higher risk and mortality rate compared to younger adults, especially over 70.

What are common psychological interventions for patients with ARDS?

Encourage verbalization of concerns, explain procedures, and provide a calm environment.

What is the significance of assessing for poor ventilatory weaning response?

It helps identify signs of ineffective breathing and the need for additional interventions.

What are the nursing priorities in managing a patient with ARDS?

Continuous monitoring of airway, breathing, circulation, and rapid intervention for changes in LOC.

What is the expected outcome for an ARDS patient in terms of oxygen saturation?

Maintain oxygen saturation greater than 90%.

What specific care should be taken for pediatric ARDS patients?

Special guidelines are necessary due to their different respiratory physiology and needs.