Ocular Conditions - Anterior Eye

Subconjunctival haemorrhage: definition

a small blood vessel breaks just beneath the conjunctiva, causing blood to pool in the space between the conjunctiva and sclera

Subconjunctival haemorrhage: Causes

trauma

ER

strain

hypertension

diabetes

spontaeneous

aging

Subconjunctival haemorrhage: signs

- blood in the white of the eye

- mild irritation

- localised to the eye

- no swelling or discharge

Subconjunctival haemorrhage: symptoms

no pain

irritation

redness in the eye

no vision change

Subconjunctival haemorrhage: treatment

should go away in 2 weeks

cold compress

what is this

subconj haem

allergic conjunctivitis: definition

conjunctiva (the clear layer that covers the sclera) becomes inflamed due to allergens

allergic conjunctivitis: causes

pollen

dust mites

mold

air pollution

CLs

medications

allergic conjunctivitis: signs

redness

itching

swollen eyelids

watery eyes

allergic conjunctivitis: symptoms

itching

watery eyes

redness

photophobia

allergic conjunctivitis: treatment

avoiding triggers

anihistamines

cold compress

corticosteroids

what is this

allergic conj

bacterial conjunctivitis: definition

bacteria leads to inflammation also called pink eye

bacterial conjunctivitis: causes

- streptococcus pneumoniae

- staphylococcus aureus

- haemophilius influenza

- moraxella

bacterial conjunctivitis: signs

redness

thick yellow or green discharge

swelling

crust

bacterial conjunctivitis: symptoms

redness

thick yellow or green discharge

swelling

crust

PHOTOPHOBIA

bacterial conjunctivitis: treatments

antibiotic eye drops

oral antibiotics

warm compress

what is this

bacterial conj

viral conjunctivitis: definition

virus causes inflammation

also known as pink eye

viral conjunctivitis: causes

adenovirus

herpes simplex

varicella zoster

influenza

viral conjunctivitis: signs

redness

watery discharge

swelling

crust

viral conjunctivitis: symptoms

redness

watery discharge

swelling

crust

PHOTOPHOBIA

viral conjunctivitis: treatment

artificial tears

cold compress

avoid triggers

what is this

viral conj

type of conjunctivitis

arcus senilus: definition

grey or white arc appearing around the corneal margin, seen in older patients

arcus senilus: causes

aging

cholestrol

CVD

genetics

arcus senilus: signs

- grey or white ring around the cornea

- peripheral location

- symmetry

- becomes more visible over time

arcus senilus: symptoms

none

arcus senilus: treatment

none

what is this

arcus

pterygium: definition

benign growth of tissue on the cornea often triangular and can start covering the cornea

pterygium: causes

UV

dry envvironment

age

genetics

pterygium: signs

redness

triangualr growth

blurred vision

lacrimation

pterygium: symptoms

irritation

growth

redness

lacrimation

blurred vision

pterygium: treatment

artificial tears

surgery

what is this

pteradactyl

pingueculae: definition

benign growths of brown-yellow raised bumps on the conjucntiva

pingueculae: causes

UV

aging

environmental irritants

dry eyes

pingueculae: signs

yellowish bumps

redness

dryness

swelling

pingueculae: symptoms

irritation

redness

discomfort

photophobia

pingueculae: treatment

lubricating eye drops

anti inflammatorys

avoid irritants

what is this

pinguelca

xanthelasma: definitions

deposits of cholestrol over the eyelids

xanthelasma: causes

high cholestrol

genetics

age

diabetes

xanthelasma: signs

yellow deposits over the eyes

soft

symmetry

gradual

xanthelasma: symptoms

visible yellow bumps

irritation

xanthelasma: treatment

cholestrol management

surgery

laser

what is this

xanthelasma

Acanthamoeba Keratitis: definiton

serious painful eye infection caused by acanthamoeba

Acanthamoeba Keratitis: causes

CLs

contaminated water

compromised immune system

poor hygenie

Acanthamoeba Keratitis: signs

severe eye pain

redness

photophobia

lacrimation

Acanthamoeba Keratitis: symptoms

severe eye pain

redness

photophobia

BLURRED VISION

Acanthamoeba Keratitis: treatment

antimicrobials

steroids

eye drops

what is this

acanth keratis

bacterial keratitis: definition

infection of the cornea caused by bacteria, cna be sight threatening

bacterial keratitis: causes

CLs

trauma

pre exisiting eye condition

surgery

bacterial keratitis: signs

redness

severe pain

lacrimation

swelling

bacterial keratitis: symptoms

severe eye pain

redness

blurred vision

lacrimation

bacterial keratitis: treatment

antibiotics

steroids

monitoring

what is this

bact keratis

anterior uveitis: definition

inflammation of the uvea

anterior uveitis: causes

infections

autoimmune diseases

trauma

medications

anterior uveitis: signs

redness

pain

lacrimation

constricted pupil

anterior uveitis: symptoms

pain

redness

photophobia

blurred vision

floaters

anterior uveitis: treatments

corticosteroid eyedrops

pupil dilation

oral medications

what is this

aunt uve

herpes simplex keratitis: definition

caused by herpes simplex virus adn causes inflamaion of the cornea. Split into:

epithelial and stromal

herpes simplex keratitis: causes

infection from HS1

reactivation of the latent virus

direct exposure

CLs

herpes simplex keratitis: signs

redness

pain

lacrimation

dendritic ulcer

herpes simplex keratitis: symptoms

pain

blurred vision

photophobia

FB sensation

herpes simplex keratitis: treatment

antivirals

corticosteroids

cycloplegic drugs

what is this?

her simp kerat

herpes zoster ophthalmicus: definition

infection due to the varicella zoster virus affects the eye, can involve the trigeminal nerve

herpes zoster ophthalmicus: causes

chickenpox

weak immune system

age

trauma

herpes zoster ophthalmicus: signs

rash on the nose (hutchinsons)

rash

redness

swelling

herpes zoster ophthalmicus: symptoms

pain

burning

rash

photophobia

herpes zoster ophthalmicus: treatment

antivirals

corticosteroids

eye lubricants

what is this

herp zost ophththhph

episcleritis: definition

inflammation of the episclera

episcleritis: causes

idiopathic

autoimmune

lupus

infections

episcleritis: signs

redness

tender

swelling

no vision impact

episcleritis: symptoms

redness

discomfort

tenderness

photophobia

episcleritis: treatment

self limiting anf goes within a few days or weeks

lubricants

anti inflammatory

what is this

episcleritis

scleritis: definition

inflammation of the sclera

scleritis: causes

autoimmune

infection

trauma

systemic conditions

scleritis: signs

pain

redness

swelling

lumps

scleritis: symptoms

pain

redness

photophobia

blurred vision

scleritis: treatment

medication

corticosteroids

immunosuppressives

what is this

scleritis