*** chao 8 joints (teacher provides study guide)

Three structural joint types

Fibrous

Synovial joint

Cartilaginous

Characteristics of fibrous joint

Held together by fibrous Ct + no synovial cavity

Characteristics of synovial joint

Held together by Articular capsule and accessory ligaments + has synovial cavity

characteristics of cartilaginous joint

Held together by cartilage + no synovial cavity

What is synovial joint held together by

Articular capsule and accessory ligaments

What is cartilaginous joint held by

Cartilage

What is fibrous joint held together by

Fibrous ct

Does fibrous joint have synovial cavity

No

Does cartilaginous joint have synovial cavity

no

Does synovial joint have synovial cavity

Yes

How to classify a joint

Structure and function

Three functional joint type

Synarthrosis

Amphiarthrosis

Diarthrosis

What is synarthrosis

Doesn’t move

What is amphiarthrosis

Partially moveable

What is Diarthrosis

Freely moveable

True or false synathrosis moves

False. It doesn’t move

True or false amphriarthrosis partially moved

True. Amphi means both

True or false Diarthrosis doesn’t move

False. It moves freely

What type of functional joint is cartilaginous

Amphiarthrotic

What type of functional joint is synovial joint

diarthrotic

What type of function joint is fibrous

Synarthotic

Different types of synarthrosis joints (doesn’t move)

• sutures

• Gomphosis

• Synchondrosis

What type of structural joint are function joint are sutures

Fibrous joint and synarthrotic- thin layer of dense fibrous CT

• only in the skull

What type of structural and functional joint is gomphosis

Fibrous joint and synarthrotic- Cone shaped peg, fits into socket

• found in teeth roots articulating to alveoli of maxilale and mandible

What type of structural and functional joint is synchondrosis

Cartilaginous joint and synarthrotic- connected by hyaline cartilage

• epiphyseal plate that binds diaphysis to epiphyses and 1st sternocostal joint

Two types of amphiarthroses joints

• syndesmosis

• Symphysis

Structural and functional joint of syndesmosis

Fibrous joint and amphithroses

• more fibrous Ct (ligaments) than suture

• Connects to bones but limits movement

• EXAMPLE: between radius and ulna

Structural and function joints of symphysis

Cartilaginous joint and amphiarthrotic

• connected by wedge or pad of fibrocartilage

• EXAMPLE between pubic bone of two Coxals + intervertebral joints

Where to find synphysis joint

Between pubic bone of two coxals and intervertebral joints

Where to find syndesmosis joint

between radius and ulna

How to classify synovial joints

Types of articulating surfaces

Types of synovial joints

• gliding

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Ball and socket

What is gliding synovial joint

Gliding movement on flat surface Linear movement

Example intercarpal and intertarsal joints

What is hinge synovial joint

Rounded/bump surface of 1 bone fits into hollow surface

• think of a door moving one way (open and closing)

• Hinge joint allows bone to move back and forth in one direction

• Example: ELBOW

What is pivot synovial joint

Rotation movement

Example: atlanto -axial joint

Ball and socket joint

Round head of a bone into cup shaped depression

Example: hip joint

What are the parts of synovial joint

• joint capsule

• Synovial cavity

• Synovial fluid

• Articular cartilages

What is joint capsule

Outer/inner layer of synovial membrane that makes synovial fluid

What is synovial cavity

Space within synovial joint filled with synovial fluid

what is synovial fluid

Fills joint cavity , secreted by synovial membrane

What cells does synovial fluid contain

Phagocytic cells

• to remove debris

What is synovial fluid composed of

Hyaluronic acid and interstitial fluid

What is Articular cartilage

Covers surface of articulating bone

Made of hyaline cartilage

Reduces friction and absorbs shock

Function of Articular cartilages

Covers surface of articulating bone

Absorbs shock and reduces friction

What is articular cartilage made of

Hyaline

What are the accessory structures

• bursae

• Fat pads

• Menisci

• Tendons

• Articular discs

What is bursae

An accessory structure. Small fluid pockets in CT

• reduce friction/absorb shock

What are fat pads

Accessory structure. Between Articular surfaces

• Modifies shapes of joint surfaces

What are Menisci or articular discs

pads of fibrocartilage that subdivide synovial cavity

What are tendons

Pass across/around joints

• limits rom (range of motion)

What kind of synovial joint are Knee and elbow

Hinge cuz they allow movement in one direction

Purpose or collateral ligaments

Strengthen sides

Prevent lateral and medial displacement

Flexion

Extension

Hyperextension

Inversion

Eversion

Retraction

Protraction

Left right rotation

Fingers spread out

Abduction

Fingers in

Adduction

Leg out

Abduction

Leg in

Adduction

Arm out to side

Lateral rotation

Arm on stomach

Medial rotation

Dorsi flexion

Plantar flexion

Circumduction