XOF + SHAKE and cSHAKE + Scrypt

SHAKE

a hash function that returns an output of an arbitrary length. SHAKE is fundamentally the same construction as SHA-3, except that it is faster and permutes as much as you want it to permute in the squeezing phase

Producing outputs of different sizes is quite useful

not only to create a digest, but also to create random numbers, to derive keys, and so on.

cSHAKE

is pretty much exactly like SHAKE, except that it also takes a customization string. This customization string can be empty, or it can be any string you want. . A customization string allows you to customize your XOF!

domain separation

different hash functions must be used in order to make a proof work

Scrypt is a

slow-by-design hash function. Its purpose is to take some input data, and create a fingerprint of that data, but to do it very slowly.

Scrypt Properties. Like all hashing functions, scrypt has the following properties

Deterministic (Same input produces the same output every time)

Fixed-size output

Irreversible (By using the output an attacker can’t find the input)

Additionally, Scrypt has the following properties:

Computationally expensive and slow (It takes a long time for a computer to run the hash)

Memory intensive (Potentially several gigabytes of RAM is used to run the hash)

Memory-hard function used in Litecoin, Dogecoin, …

Used for password hashing