advbio muscular system

anatomical positions

• are standard body orientations used in anatomy to describe the location of structures.

• This is the reference position used in anatomy

anatomical directions

• are standard terms used to describe the location of body parts relative to each other when the body is in the anatomical position

anterior

• ventral

• toward the front of the body

posterior

• dorsal

• toward the back of the body

superior

• cranial

• toward the head or upper part of the body

inferior

• caudal

• toward the feet or lower part of the body

medial

• toward the midline of the body

lateral

• away from the midline of the body

proximal

• closer to the point of attachment or the trunk

distal

• farther from the point of attachment or trunk

supine position

• means the body is lying on the back

• commonly used in medical examinations and surgeries

characteristics: face upward, back touching the surface, arms may be at the side or slightly away from the body

prone position

• mean the body is lying face down

• used in some medical treatments and physical therapy

characteristics: face toward the ground, chest and abdomen touching the surface, back facing upward

lateral position

• means the body is lying on one side

• commonly used in resting, recovery, and certain medical procedures

characteristics: right or left side touching surface, head supported by a pillow or arm, legs may be slightly bent

muscles

• are bundles, sheets, or rings of tissue that produce movement by contracting and pulling on the structures to which they are attached

to bring

duct/o

to stretch out

extens/o

fibers

fibr/o

movement

kinesi/o

to bend

flex/o

fibrous band

fasci/o

muscle

my/o, muscul/o, myos/o

sole of foot

plant/o

tendon

ten/o, tendin/o, tend/o

to revolve

rotat/o

vers/o

to turn

ab

away from

ad

toward

circum

around

e

Outward

asthenia

weakness

ion

action

kinesia

movement

tonia

tone

trophic

pertaining to development