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Cognitive Psychology

A branch of psychology focused on the scientific study of mental processes such as perception, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving.

Dualism

The philosophical concept that the mind and body are two distinct substances that interact with each other.

Cogito ergo sum

Latin for 'I think, therefore I am'; a foundational element of Western philosophy proposed by Descartes.

Behaviorism

A theoretical approach in psychology that focuses solely on observable behaviors and disregards mental processes.

L’homme Machine

A concept by de La Mettrie suggesting that humans are essentially machines, emphasizing a materialistic view of human nature.

Psychophysics

The study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce.

Conditioned Reflexes

Learned responses that result from the association of a specific stimulus with a specific outcome, as studied by Pavlov.

Introspection

The examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings; a key early method in psychology.

Reinforcement Schedules

Rules that determine how and when reinforcement will be delivered in operant conditioning, affecting behavior rates.

Radical Behaviorism

A philosophy of behavior analysis that considers only observable behaviors important, and disregards internal states.

Cognitive Neuropsychology

A branch of psychology that examines how brain function relates to cognitive processes.

Variable-ratio schedule

A type of reinforcement schedule that provides reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses, leading to high response rates.