Substitution Reactions and Elimination Mechanisms

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to substitution and elimination reactions in organic chemistry, focusing on mechanisms such as SN2, SN1, E1, and E2.

SN2 Reaction

A type of nucleophilic substitution reaction that occurs in one step and is characterized by a back-side attack by the nucleophile.

Nucleophile

A species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond in a reaction.

Leaving Group

An atom or group that is displaced during a chemical reaction, often making it easier for nucleophiles to attack.

Carbocation

A positively charged carbon ion, typically formed during certain substitution reactions (e.g., SN1).

Polar Aprotic Solvents

Solvents that can solvate cations but not anions, enhancing nucleophilicity in reactions such as SN2.

Solvolysis

A substitution reaction in which the solvent serves as the nucleophile.

Racemic Mixture

A mixture of equal amounts of two enantiomers resulting in no optical activity.

E2 Mechanism

An elimination reaction that occurs in one concerted step involving a strong base and results in the formation of a double bond.

Anti Elimination

A requirement in E2 reactions where the leaving groups must be on opposite sides of the molecule.

Zaitsev's Rule

A rule stating that the more substituted alkene will be the major product in an elimination reaction.