Dental Quarter 4 review

What is another term for cavities?

Caries

What are the three factors that have to be present for a cavity to form?

A susceptible tooth, specific bacteria, and a diet rich in carbohydrates (sugars)

What type of cavity is it when a hole has formed?

Overt/Frank

What type of cavity is it when there is a white, weak spot?

Incipient

What type of cavity is it when it is under an already existing restoration?

Recurring

What is demineralization

The removal of minerals like phosphate or calcium from the enamel (specifically the hydroxyapatite crystals)

What is remineralization?

The deposition/adding of minerals like phosphate or calcium that reinforces/strengthens existing enamel

What are the two types of bacteria that cause cavities?

Lactobacilli and mutans streptococci

Define cariology

The study of caries

What are caries transmitted?

Saliva

What is plaque?

A sticky, colorless, material that sticks to the teeth and is made of organized bacteria and bacterial byproducts.

Caries can also develop as a result of constant intake of acidic foods. This is called erosion

What are three types of acidic things?

Lemon cough drops, citrus foods, soft drinks

What recurrent caries occur?

The area between the enamel and filling is weak, a lack of proper care at home can lead to one easily forming

What is a cause of root caries?

Gum recession

What is the most prevalent disease among children?

ECC/tooth decay

What are two populations where ECC is most common?

Families with lower socioeconomic status, families with children that have special needs

What is one protection we receive from saliva?

Chemical-contains minerals like calcium and keeps calcium at the ready, acts as a huffer, and neutralizes acids

What is CAMBRA?

Caries management by risk assessment-an assessment for a specific patient to identify reparative and preventive treatment for early caries

Increasing in sugar=increasing in

Bacteria

What are 2 questions related to CAMBRA a dental professional may ask?

Do you tend to eat a lot of sugary or acidic foods OR are you taking medication that affects saliva flow?

What are the two types of PD disease?

Gingivitis and periodonitis

What are 3 differences between the two types of PD diseases?

G=often painless, can be reversed at home, limited to inflammation of gums. P=Painful, only treated by dentist, effects all structures of the teeth

What are three structures in the periodontium?

Cementum, bone, PDL

Periodontitis is defined as

Inflmmation of the supporting tissues of the teeth

What are systemic disease related to periodontal disease?

Cardiovascular disease, preterm low birth weight, respiratory disease

What is the natural space called between the tooth and the free gingivia?

Sulcus

What is the portion of the tooth that anchors the tooth the bony socket with attachments of the PDL?

Cementum

What is most closely linked to gum disease?

Heart attack and stroke

What is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults?

Periodontitis

What are the two types of calculus and where are they?

Supra-above gumlime, sub-below gumline

What are two sighs of periodontitis?

Pain/swelling gums, redness, bleeding

Other than poor homecare, what are two things that can cause gingivitis?

Puberty hormones, birth control medication

What is the difference btween localized area and a generalized area of periodonitis?

Localized is a small area (problem spot), generalized is a large area or spread across

Scaling+rootplanning: Deep pocket cleaning

Biofilm

Sticky coating of microorganisms

Calculus

Hardened plaque deposits

Prophylaxis

Regular cleaning

Nectrotizing

Dying tissue

Mobility

Rooth becomes loose

True or false, gingivitis is typically painful

False

True or false, Periodontitis can be reversed with good homecare

False

True or false, Bacteria produces enzymes and toxins that destroy

True

True or false, there is no tissue loss with gingivitis

True

True or false, Orthodontic appliances cannot acquire plaque and tartar

False

True or false, tartar and calculus are the same thing

true

What is the test/procedure called for evaluating the periodontal pockets

How many surfaces are measured on each during a periodontal probe assessment?

6

What range of numbers is considered normal or healthy when evaluating pocket depth

(1-3 mm)

What can be done to reverse gingivitis?

More regular Prophylaxis and better homecare

What is the goal of preventive dentistry?

To prevent bad things from happening before they occur

When should babies be seen at the dental office?

When/as soon as the first tooth comes in

What is a dental sealant and where is it placed?

A plastic clear or white coating placed over the pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces to reduce changes of decay

What are two age related changes related to your teeth?

Attrition and abrasion

What does fluoride do?+systemic and topical

fluoride remineralizes the teeth which strengthens the enamel. TOpical is on the tooth surface only, while systemic is ingested

What are two examples of systemic fluoride?

Fluoridated water, processed food (meat, fruit)

What are two examples of topical fluoride

Toothpaste and mouthwash

What is it called when a patient has too much fluoride?

Dental fluorosis

Cariogenic

Decay/carie causing

non-cariogenic

Not caries/decay causing

Anti-cariogenic

Is anticarie/decay causing

If an ingredient has the prefix -ose in it, what does that mean it is?

Sugar

What is xylitol?

A sugar substitute that has anti-cariogenic properoes like saliva stimulation+production and antibacterial properties

What is the recommended toothbrush bristle and method?

Soft, bass method (45 degree angle, small circles)

What is a fluoride needs assessment and a question example?

It’s figuring out the peitnets current fluoride intake and how much they need based on indivudual basis. Q=”Do you have well water”

What is the difference between benign and malignant?

Beign=non cancerous, malignant=cancerous

Uncontrolled inflammation/swelling of cellular or connective tissues, symptoms=pain and fever

Cellulitis

Superficial infection caysed by yeast-like fungus that can be wiped off

Candidiasis

What is the difference between acute and chronic?

Acute=short lasting, repairs quickly. Chronic=long lasting, continues constantly

Abnormal growth of bone in a specific area

Tori

Remoival od tissue of living patients for diagnostic examination

Biopsy

Another term for canker sore

Aphthous ulcer

Lesion

Broad term for abnormal tissues or sore

Erosion

Wearing away at the tissue or tooth structure due to acid

Pustule

Looks like a blister, filled with pus

Hematoma

Swelling or mass of blood. Blood blister

Cyst

closed pouch containing epithelial cells and fluid

Glossitis

Inflammation of the tongue.

Inflammation/rash of commisures

Angular cheilitis

Benign chronic disease that can appear wispy, white and flare up-unknown cause, cannot wipe away

Lichen planus

What does Leuk/o mean

White

What can cause candidiasis

Antibiotics, diabetes, xerostomia, delayed immunological reaction

Whats another term for candidias

Thrush

What does fissured tongue look like

Marked with deep grooves and fissures, looks very textured

How are lesions classified

If they are below, above, or even with the surface

What does oma mean

Swelling, growth, rumor or mass

Who can deliver a diagnosis

Dentist

Which condition shows as a white flaky plaque on the lateral sides of tongue that cannot be wiped off and often precedes a malignant tumor

Leukoplakia

Which condition appears as camber colored teeth and causes patients to get cavities easier?

Dentinogensis imperfecta

Which condition can show as a rosy tooth?

Internal resorption

Define oral manifestatios

Signs/symptomps that appear in the mouth

What is halitotisis, what is a condition that leads to it?

Chronic bad breath, fissured tongue can lead to it

WHat is often difficult for a patient at the dental office is they have tori?

Impressions and radiographs

What does the term “gloss” refer to?

Tongue

What causes black hairy tongue?

Elongation of the filiform papillae caused by an unbalance of oral flora. Smoking causes the dark color.

How many times is a person that uses smokeless tobacco at risk for developing cancer?

400-500 times

Define osteoradionecrosis

Tissue death that occurs in the bones due to radiation

When a patient has HIV/AIDS, lesions appear due

to the breakdown of T-helper cells

Hiw does HIV gingivitis present itself

A bright red line across the free gingival margin that may spread to the attached gingivia and alveolar mucosa

Herpes Zoster also known as..

Shingles