CCNA EXAM one test quesions

a software installed on a computer that is secretly collecting data about websites that are visited by the users of the computer

Spyware

a network that provides secure access to the corporate offices by suppliers, customers, and collaborators

Extranet

how an employee accesses confidential internal servers at work

an intranet

Describe the use of powerline networking technology

a device connects to an existing home LAN using an adapter to an existing electrical outlet

what type of connection is not suited for heavily wooded areas?

satelite

what type of connection has the lowest bandwith?

dial up

what type of connection runs over the telephone line and has a high bandwith

DSL

What type of network traffic requires QoS

video conferenceing

which interface allows remote management of layer 2switch?

the switch virtual interface (SVI)

what commands will let you configure a switch?

interface vlan1

ip address

no shutdown

what command lets you return to the previous level in the command heirarchy

exit

what are the rules for naming a host

start and end with a letter

no spaces

dashes only for special characters

How is SSH different from Telnet

SSH encrypts remote sessions and uses user auth

Telnet is insecure and does not encrypt

1st mode

2nd mode

3rd mode

final mode

user exec -

priv exec - enable

global config - config t

line config - line console 0

3 characteristics of an SVI

Not associated w any physical interface on a switch

a means to remotely manage a switch

associated with vlan1

what comman verifies the condition of the switches interface and configd ip address

show ip interface brief

what method can be used by 2 computers to ensure that packet are not dropped bc too much data is sent too quickly

flow control

describe the enap process when a p/c is sending data to the network?

segments are sent from the transport layer to the internet layer

What 3 application layer protocols are part of the TCP/IP protocol suite?

DHCP

DNS

FTP

What are network access protocols?

ARP

PPP

Network Layer PDU

Packet

Data link layer PDU

frame

Physical layer PDU

bits

what portion of the IPv4 address identifies the net work and host when manually configured?

Subnet mask

What layer routes messages through and internetwork in the TCP/IP model?

Internet layer

How would the order of the protocol stack of a received message be?

Ethernet, IP, TCP, HTTP

What to OSI layers have the same functionality as a single layer of the TCP/IP model

data link & physical

at what layer is logical addressing (IP) added during encapsulation?

network layer

what layer are physical addresses (MAC) added during encap?

data link layer

what layer are port addresses added during encap?

the transport layer

are there any addresses added at the physical layer?

what is the purpose of network protocols?

they define how messages are exchanged btwn the source and the destination

what is the maximum transport unit? (MTU)

1500

what is the advantage of using open standard protocols?

a host and server running diff operating systems can exchange data

What device determines the path that messages take through internetworks?

a router

what may be used to filter incoming and outgoing traffic?

a firewall

why would a layer 2 switch need an ip address?

to enable the switch to be managed remotely

what is a network where one computer can be the client and the server?

peer to peer

a policy that manages the flow of data to give priority to voice and video

QoS

a private collection of LANS and WANS the belong to an org

intranet

what OSI layer is a source and dest IP address added to a PDU during encap

network layer

What OSI layer is data added to a PDU during encap?

Application Layer

What OSI layer is source and dest MAC added to a PDU during encap

data link layer

what are intermediary devices?

router & switch

what is the purpose of the physical layer?

transmitting bits across the local media

creates the signals that represent the bits in each frame on the media

why are two strands of fiber used for a single fiber optic connection?

they allow for full duplex connectivity

what is cross talk?

the distortion of transmitted messages from signals in adjacent wires

what reduces the effect of crosstalk in copper cables?

twisting opposing circuit wire pairs together

what cables use a horizontal cable structure?

copper cables

if he throughput is lower than the bandwidth, what could influence why?

amt of traffic crossing the ntwrk

type of traffic crossing the ntwrk

latency created by the # of devices the data crosses

what causes cross talk

the magnetic field around adjacent wires

what factors can interfere with communication over UTP cables

cross talk

EMI

cable length

wht devices can affect wireless networks?

microwaves and cordless phones`

what services are provided by the data link layer

it manages the access of frames to the network media

packages layer 3 PDUs into a frame compatible with the network interface

What are sub layers are in the network layer

LLC

MAC

what is the function of the CRC value in the FCS field of a frame

the verify the integrity of the received frame

what is in the trailer of a data link frame?

error detection

what is in the header of a data link frame?

addressing (MAC)

which topology provides high availability and connects some but not all remote sites?

partial mesh

what is hub and spoke topology?

one that uses a central device in a star topology that connects to other point to point devices

what 2 fields does ethernet examine to determine if a frame is passed to the data link layer or discarded by the NIC?

frame check sequence

minimum frame size (64 bytes)

what is auto MDIX

layer 1 technology that detects cable straight thru or crossover types

what media comm type does not rq media arbitration in the data link layer?

full duplex

what is extended star topology?

when end devices connect to a central intermediate device that then connects to other central media devices

what does the LLC sublayer do?

places info into the frame allowing multiple layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media (like ipv4 & ipv6)

what 3 ways are media access control used in networking?

ethernet uses CSMA/CD

provides placement of data frames onto the media

data link protocols define the rules for access to different media

what type of media access control to 802.11 wireless networks use?

CSMA/CA

what happens in the encap process at the data link layer for a pc connected to the ethernet network

the physical address is added (source and dest)

trailer has CRC for error checking

What is in the ethernet header and trailer

source MAC, dest MAC, error checking

what is CSMA/CD?

the access method for ethernet

all network devices must listen before transmitting

if collision detected, transmits a special jam signal so other hosts can know abt collision and stop transmitting and then enter back off phase and retry

what are the 3 basic parts of the data link frame

header, data, trailer

2 examples of the cut through method

fast forward switching

fragment free switching

(only part of the frame is received before the switch begins forwarding)

what is store and forward switching

accepting the entire frame and doing error check with CRC before forwarding the frame. rq for QoS analysis

which switching method has the lowest level of latency?

fast forward

which switching methods have the highest latency

store and forward

what 2 actions are done by a cisco switch?

use source mac address frames to build and maintain a mac address table

utilizes the MAC address table to forward the frames via the destination MAC address

what are features of LLC sublayer?

logical link control is implemented in software

data link layer uses LLC to communicate with upper layers of protocol suite

why use cut through switching over store and forward switching?

has a lower latency appropriate for high performance computing applications

multicast MAC address?

01-00-5E-00-00-00

what is modulation?

when one wave modifies another wave (physical layer)

what is throughput

the measure of the the transfer of bits across a medium over a given period of time

what is goodput?

the measure of USABLE data transferred over a given period of time

what happens if a switch receives a frame with the dest MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF

the switch will forward out all ports except the ingress port

what happens if a switch receives a frame with dest MAC address 01:00:5E:00:00:D9

it will forward it out all ports except ingress

what happens if host receives frame with dest MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF ect

the host will process the frame

what happens if host receives frame with dest MAC it doesnt recognize?

the host will discard the frame

what info is used by routers to forward a data packet towards it dest

destination IP

A comp has to send a packet to a destination host in the same LAN, How will the packet be sent?

The pkt will be sent directly to the host

a router receives a packet from the Gigabit 0/0 interface and determines that the packet needs to be forwarded out the Gigabit0/1 interface, what will the route do next?

create a new layer 2 ethernet frame to be sent to the destination

which IPv4 address can a host use to ping the loopback interface?

127.0.0.1

a computer can access devices on the same network but cannot access devices on other networks, what is the probable cause?

the computers default gateway address is invalid

Which statement describes a feature of the IP protocol?

IP relies on upper layer services to handle situations of missing or out of order packets

What are some characteristics of IP protocol

connectionless protocol

unreliable in end to end delivery

Why is NAT not needed in IPv6

Any Host or user can get a public ipv6 ntwrk address bc the numebr is available ipv6 addresses is v large

what parameter does the router use to choose the path to the destination when there are multiple routes available?

the lower metric value that is associated with the destination network

what are 2 services provided by the OSI ntwk layer?

routing packets towards the destination (addressing)

encapping PDUs from the transport layer

what are some functions of the data link layer?

error detection

placing frames on the media

collision detection

within a production network, what is the purpose of configuring a switch with the default gateway

default gateway address is used to forward packets from the switch to remote networks

what ipv4 header field identifies the upper layer protocol carried in the packet

protocol field