AP World History: Unit 7

Bolsheviks

A radical Marxist group led by Vladimir Lenin that seized power in Russia during the 1917 Revolution.

Sun Yat-sen

The revolutionary leader who helped overthrow the Qing Dynasty and served as the first provisional president of the Republic of China in 1912.

Young Turks

A political reform movement in the early 20th century that sought to modernize the Ottoman Empire and promote Turkish nationalism.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

The founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey (1923), known for his secular and Westernizing reforms.

Porfirio Diaz

The long-term dictator of Mexico whose policies led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910.

Pancho Villa

A prominent Mexican revolutionary general who fought against the regime of Porfirio Diaz and later Victoriano Huerta.

Emiliano Zapata

A leading figure in the Mexican Revolution who advocated for land reform for peasants under the slogan 'Tierra y Libertad'.

Gavrilo Princip

The Serbian nationalist and member of the Black Hand who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, triggering WWI.

Triple Entente

The alliance formed before WWI between France, Britain, and Russia, later known as the Allied Powers. (BFR: Be For Real?) (Con-Communism)

Triple Alliance

The pre-war alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, which formed the core of the Central Powers during WWI. (Pro-communism)

Zimmermann Telegram

A 1917 secret diplomatic communication from Germany to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the United States.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 peace treaty that officially ended WWI, imposing harsh reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

League of Nations

An international organization established in 1920 after WWI to promote global peace and cooperation.

Keynesian Economics

An economic theory developed by John Maynard Keynes advocating for government intervention through spending to stimulate the economy during crises.

New Deal

A series of programs and projects instituted by FDR in the 1930s to provide relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression.

Five-Year Plans

Stalin's centralized economic programs in the Soviet Union designed to rapidly industrialize the nation and collectivize agriculture.

Mandate System

A system established by the League of Nations after WWI to administer former colonies of the defeated Central Powers.

Balfour Declaration

A 1917 British statement supporting the establishment of a 'national home for the Jewish people' in Palestine.

Amritsar Massacre

A 1919 event where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed Indian protesters, fueling the movement for Indian independence.

Salt March

A 1930 nonviolent protest led by Mahatma Gandhi against the British salt monopoly in India.

Mao Zedong

The leader of the Chinese Communist Party who rose to power after the Long March and eventually founded the People's Republic of China in 1949.

Chiang Kai-shek

The leader of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) in China who fought against both the Communists and the Japanese.

Appeasement

The diplomatic policy of making concessions to an aggressive power (such as Nazi Germany) to avoid conflict, notably practiced by Britain and France in the 1930s.

Blitzkrieg

A 'lightning war' military tactic used by Germany during WWII involving rapid, coordinated movements of tanks and air support.

Island Hopping

A military strategy used by the Allies in the Pacific theater of WWII to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and capture strategic islands.

Final Solution

The Nazi policy of systematic genocide against the Jewish people during WWII, resulting in the Holocaust.