AP Biology - Unit 5 Gene Expression

What is a gene?

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein

What are the differences between the sugar DNA and RNA has?

DNA has deoxyribose, and RNA only has ribose

What nucleotide does RNA have that DNA doesn’t?

Uracil

What is the shape of DNA vs. RNA?

DNA is double stranded, and RNA single stranded

What is read and what is made in transcription?

DNA is read as template to make RNA

What is the coding strand of DNA?

The strand with the gene that is coded - same as the mRNA

What is the template strand of DNA?

Strand used as a template, complementary to the mRNA

What are other names for the template strand of DNA?

Antisense strand

What is the function of RNA Polymerase?

Enzyme used to build mRNA

What makes pre-mRNA into functional MRNA?

Introns are removed from mRNA

What is RNA processing?

Introns removed and exons put together to make pre-mRNA to mature mRNA

What is read and what is made in translation?

mRNA is read and makes a polypeptide chain at the ribosome

How is RNA processing different in prokaryotic cells than in eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells edit mRNA, while prokaryotic cells do not (everything that’s transcribed is translated)

How do transcription factors help with gene expression regulation?

Transcription factors can cause genes to be expressed at the same time

How can the DNA of cells be different but they make the same proteins?

Different codons code for the same amino acids

What is the benefit of a mutation?

Genetic Variation