Anesthesia 29

```id="l29euthanasia"

What are the three main mechanisms of euthanasia

direct depression of neurons hypoxia and physical disruption of brain activity

What is the goal of euthanasia

rapid loss of consciousness followed by cardiac and respiratory arrest and loss of brain function

Who provides guidelines for euthanasia methods

AVMA

How are euthanasia methods classified

acceptable conditionally acceptable and unacceptable

What is an example of an acceptable euthanasia method

barbiturates

What is an example of a conditionally acceptable method

carbon dioxide or inhaled anesthetics in small animals

What gases are conditionally acceptable for euthanasia in poultry

argon or nitrogen

When are KCl MgSO4 or MgCl2 acceptable for euthanasia

only if the animal is unconscious under general anesthesia

What is the most common drug used for euthanasia

pentobarbital

How does pentobarbital cause death

depresses medullary and vasomotor centers

What may continue briefly after pentobarbital administration

cardiac activity

What drug is sometimes added to euthanasia solutions

phenytoin

Why is phenytoin added to euthanasia solutions

to enhance cardiac effects

Why should pentobarbital not be used in food animals

residue concerns and food safety

Why should contact with euthanasia solution be avoided in humans

risk of accidental exposure or injection

What should be done before administering euthanasia solution

place IV catheter and sedate or anesthetize patient

Why is sedation recommended before euthanasia

to reduce stress and improve experience

What should be done for the owner during euthanasia

allow time and explain the procedure

How is death confirmed after euthanasia

absence of pulse breathing corneal reflex and response to pain

What additional signs confirm death

no heart or lung sounds graying mucous membranes rigor mortis

Why must death be confirmed before disposal

to ensure the animal is truly deceased

How must euthanized bodies be disposed of

according to state and local laws

Why is proper disposal critical after pentobarbital use

to prevent secondary poisoning

What are recommended disposal methods

incineration deep burial or controlled landfill

Why should scavenger access be prevented

to avoid poisoning from euthanasia drugs

What should be included on euthanasia consent forms

warnings about body disposal

What is tagging used for after euthanasia

to identify the body as containing toxic substances

What are physical modalities

non invasive techniques to improve patient health

Name examples of physical modalities

thermotherapy exercise massage ultrasound electrical stimulation acupuncture

What is the purpose of physical modalities

rehabilitation and pain management