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All genera and fams we need to know :)
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Pinaceae - Pinus
needle like leaves in fascicles on short shoots
also with bract like leaves, sheathing bundles
seed cone bract fused to scale

Pinaceae - Abies
leaf bases not persistent
stems are smooth
seed cones erect
bracts and scales deciduous (cones don’t fall intact)

Pinaceae - Picea
leaf tips pointy
leaf scar raised
leaf bases persistent
stems rough
seed cone pendent (hanging)
fall intact

Pinaceae - Pseudotsuga
leaf scar raised
smooth and round
seed cone bracts exserted
tips are 3-toothed

Cupressaceae - Juniperus
leaves linear
awl like
scale like or tightly appressed
stems can be alternate/opposite/4-ranked/whorls of 3 or 6
monoecious or dioecious
seed cones fused to bracts
JUNIPERUS ONLY: seed cones are fleshy

Cupressaceae - Calocedrus
leaves linear
awl like
scale like or tightly appressed
stems can be alternate/opposite/4-ranked/whorls of 3 or 6
monoecious or dioecious
seed cones fused to bracts
CALOCEDRUS ONLY: seed cone pendent, scales in 3 pairs
