Embryonic Development of Multicellular Organisms

Morphogenesis

________:"creation of form- "organisms shape.

Pattern formation

________: setting up the body plan (head, tail, L /R, back, front)

Morphogens

________: substances that establish an embryos axes.

Cytoplasmic determinants

________: maternal substances in egg distributed unevenly in early cells of embryo.

Induction

________: cells triggered to differentiate.

Homeotic genes

________: master control genes that control pattern formation.

Cell Division

large identical cells through mitosis

Cell Differentiation

cells become specialized in structure & function

Determination

irreversible series of events that lead to cell differentiation

Totipotent cells

can form all the cell types in a body, plus the extraembryonic, or placental, cells

Pluripotent cells

can give rise to all of the cell types that make up the body

Multipotent cells

can develop into more than one cell type, but are more limited than pluripotent cells

Cytoplasmic determinants

maternal substances in egg distributed unevenly in early cells of embryo

Induction

cells triggered to differentiate

Cell-Cell Signals

molecules produced by one cell influences neighboring cells

Pattern formation

setting up the body plan (head, tail, L/R, back, front)

Morphogens

substances that establish an embryos axes

Homeotic genes

master control genes that control pattern formation