Infectious Diseases Lecture

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to infectious diseases, including definitions of pathogens, modes of transmission, immune responses, and specific diseases.

Pathogen

A disease-causing agent.

Modes of Transmission

Theways pathogens are spread to a host, including direct contact, indirect contact, and airborne transmission.

Autoimmunity

A condition in which the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body’s own tissues.

Humoral Immunity

The immune response involving the binding of antibodies to antigens, primarily mediated by B-lymphocytes.

Cell-Mediated Immunity

An immune response that involves T-lymphocytes and macrophages attacking infected cells directly.

Opportunistic Infections

Infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Vaccination

Inoculation with non-living or weakened pathogens or similar, less dangerous antigens to stimulate an immune response.

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus; a virus that damages the immune system and is the cause of AIDS.

AIDS

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; a condition caused by HIV that leads to a severe decrease in immune function.

Antigens

Foreign substances that trigger the immune response.

Immunity

The ability of an organism to resist disease through the actions of the immune system.

Staphylococcal Infections

Common bacterial infections usually present on the skin but can cause localized infections upon entry through breaks.

Tuberculosis (TB)

A bacterial infection caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis; can remain latent or become active leading to severe respiratory issues.

Bacterial Pathogens

Single-celled organisms that can cause disease; examples include cocci, bacilli, and spirilla.

Common Viral Infections

Infections caused by viruses, such as the common cold, influenza, and hepatitis.