PREFINAL Pt. 1

Autoimmune disorder

What type of disorder is Graves’ disease?

Thyroid gland

What organ is targeted in Graves’ disease?

Causes overactivity of the thyroid

What effect does Graves’ disease have on thyroid function?

Graves’ disease

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Hypermetabolic state

What type of metabolic state results from Graves’ disease?

Increased T3 and T4 production

What happens to thyroid hormone production in Graves’ disease?

Goiter

What term describes thyroid enlargement in Graves’ disease?

Exophthalmos

What eye condition is characterized by bulging eyes in Graves’ disease?

Pretibial myxedema

What skin condition affects the lower legs in Graves’ disease?

Autoimmune response

What is the primary cause of Graves’ disease?

Genetic predisposition

What inherited factor increases risk for Graves’ disease?

Environmental triggers

What type of external factors can trigger Graves’ disease?

Hormonal factors

What internal regulatory factor can influence Graves’ disease?

Excess iodine intake

What dietary excess can contribute to Graves’ disease?

TSH receptor antibodies

What specific antibodies are produced in Graves’ disease?

Continuous stimulation of thyroid hormone release

What is the effect of TSH receptor antibodies on the thyroid gland?

Decreased

What happens to TSH levels in Graves’ disease?

Increased

What happens to T3 and T4 levels in Graves’ disease?

Weight loss

What change in body weight is seen in Graves’ disease?

Increased appetite

What change in appetite occurs in Graves’ disease?

Heat intolerance

What temperature intolerance is present in Graves’ disease?

Tachycardia

What heart rate abnormality is common in Graves’ disease?

Palpitations

What subjective cardiac symptom may accompany tachycardia?

Tremors

What involuntary movement is seen in Graves’ disease?

Diarrhea

What gastrointestinal symptom occurs in Graves’ disease?

Lid lag

What eyelid movement abnormality is seen?

Diplopia

What visual disturbance may occur?

Positive TSH receptor antibodies

What antibody test confirms Graves’ disease?

Increased uptake

What happens in radioactive iodine uptake in Graves’ disease?

Arrhythmias

What cardiac abnormality may be seen on ECG?

Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements

What nutrition diagnosis is common in Graves’ disease?

Heart rate

Which vital sign must be closely monitored due to hypermetabolism?

High-calorie diet

What type of diet is recommended for Graves’ disease?

Supports red blood cell production

Why is iron intake important in Graves’ disease?

Head of bed elevated

What bed position helps reduce eye pressure?

Caffeine

What stimulant should patients avoid?

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

What is the definition of goiter?

Structural disorder

Is goiter a structural or hormonal disorder?

Yes

Can goiter occur with normal thyroid hormone levels?

Iodine deficiency

What is the most common global cause of goiter?

Graves’ disease

What autoimmune disease can cause goiter with hyperthyroidism?

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

What autoimmune disease can cause goiter with hypothyroidism?

Thyroid nodules or tumors

What type of growths can cause goiter?

Lithium

What medication is associated with goiter formation?

lowers

What happens to iodine levels in goiter formation?

lower

What happens to thyroid hormone production initially in goiter?

TSH

What hormone increases to compensate in goiter?

Stimulates enlargement

What effect does increased TSH have on the thyroid?

Neck swelling

What visible sign is most common in goiter?

Tightness

What throat sensation may occur in goiter?

Dysphagia

What swallowing problem may occur in goiter?

Dyspnea

What breathing problem may occur in goiter?

Trachea

What structure may be compressed in severe goiter?

Diffuse or nodular

What are the structural types of goiter?

TSH T3 and T4

What blood tests assess thyroid function in goiter?

Ultrasound

What imaging evaluates thyroid size and structure?

Radioactive iodine uptake

What test measures iodine uptake by the thyroid?

Fine needle biopsy

What procedure evaluates suspicious nodules?

Airway patency

What is the priority assessment in large goiter?

Goiter size

What physical change should be monitored regularly in goiter?

Soft diet

What type of diet is recommended for dysphagia in goiter?

Upright position

What position improves breathing in goiter?

Deficiency of thyroid hormones

What is hypothyroidism?

Decreases (hypo)

What happens to metabolic rate in hypothyroidism?

T3 and T4 (hypo)

Which hormones are deficient in hypothyroidism?

Women and older adults

Which population is most affected by hypothyroidism?

Levothyroxine

What is the standard medication for hypothyroidism?

Morning on an empty stomach

When should levothyroxine be taken?

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

What autoimmune disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Thyroidectomy

What surgical procedure can cause hypothyroidism?

Radiation therapy

What therapy can destroy thyroid tissue?

Lithium

What medication can induce hypothyroidism?

Iodine deficiency

What nutrient deficiency causes hypothyroidism?

Pituitary gland dysfunction

What endocrine gland dysfunction can cause hypothyroidism?

Slow down

What happens to metabolic processes in hypothyroidism?

Myxedema coma

What life-threatening complication may develop in hypothyroidism?

Cold intolerance

What temperature intolerance occurs in hypothyroidism?

Bradycardia

What heart rate change occurs in hypothyroidism?

Depression

What mood disorder is common in hypothyroidism?

Puffy face

What facial appearance is characteristic of hypothyroidism?

Hoarse voice

What voice change may occur in hypothyroidism?

Hypothermia

What body temperature occurs in myxedema coma?

Bradypnea

What respiratory rate change occurs in myxedema coma?

Hypotension

What blood pressure change occurs in myxedema coma?

Decreased consciousness

What neurological change occurs in myxedema coma?

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

What is thyroiditis?

Yes it can cause hormonal imbalance

Can thyroiditis cause hormone imbalance?

Yes

Can thyroiditis be temporary or permanent?

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

What is the most common type of thyroiditis?

Autoimmune destruction leading to hypothyroidism

What happens in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Subacute thyroiditis

What type of thyroiditis is caused by viral infection?

Silent thyroiditis

What type of thyroiditis occurs after pregnancy?

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

What is thyroiditis?

Causes abnormal thyroid hormone release and dysfunction

What does thyroiditis affect?

Acute; subacute; chronic; postpartum

What are the classifications of thyroiditis by duration?

No; it may be temporary or permanent depending on cause

Is thyroiditis always permanent?

Hashimoto thyroiditis

What is the most common type of thyroiditis?

Autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue

What causes Hashimoto thyroiditis?

Long-term hypothyroidism

What is the usual hormone outcome of Hashimoto?

Enlarged thyroid (goiter formation)

What gland change occurs in Hashimoto?