Energy (not complete

Energy is never created or […] , only ever transferred between different […]

Energy is never created or destroyed, only ever transferred between different forms and objects

What happens when energy is transferred to an object?

The energy is stored in one of that object’s energy stores

what are different energy stores

thermal, kinetic, nuclear, gravitational potential, elastic potential, magnetic, electrostatic, chemical

What is thermal energy

heat energy trapped within an object, related to the temperature of that object.

what is kinetic energy

associated with the movement or motion of an object

what is gravitational potential energy

the energy that an object possesses because of its position in a gravitational field.

what is elastic potential energy

energy held in an already stretched spring

What is chemical energy

energy held in chemical bonds

what is Magnetic energy

the energy stored when repelling poles are pushed closer together, or when attracting poles are pulled further apart

what is electrostatic energy

the energy stored when electrical charges are separated

What is nuclear energy

energy transferred from breaking atoms apart

How can energy be transferred

mechanically, heating, electrically, radiation

what is an example of mechanically transferring energy

e.g. physically stretching an elastic band

what is an example of electrically transferring energy

e.g. plugging something into a socket.

How can radiation transfer energy

by light or sound waves

What is a collection of matter

System

What happens when a system changes

Energy is transferred, either between objects or between different forms

what happens in an open system

the matter of the system can exchange energy with the surroundings, so the system can lose or gain energy as it interacts.

what happens in an closed system

Closed system is separate from the outside world so matter nor energy can enter or leave but energy can still be transferred within the system however, the overall change is always zero.

Explain the transfer of energy when warming a kettle

The kettle plug holds electrical energy (store) when plugged in, the electrical energy is transferred electrically through the wires and the electrical energy store is converted into thermal energy store when it reaches inside the kettle heating element, now the thermal energy store transfers the energy over to the water’s thermal store.

What is another word for energy transfer?

work done

What are the two main types of work done

mechanical and electrical

what is mechanical work done

involves using a force to move an object

describe an example of mechanical work done

e.g. kicking a ball up in the air. This involves energy from the chemical energy store of the leg being transferred to the kinetic energy store of the ball.

what is electrical work done

done when current flows so, the energy required to overcome the resistance in the wires of a circuit

Describe the transfer of energy via work done in an example of a train about to stop

In order to stop brakes are applied which creates friction between brakes and wheels, the friction does work as it slows the train down because it causes energy in the wheels kinetic energy store to be transferred to the thermal energy stores of the surroundings in the form of heat.

Describe the transfer of energy in a coal fire

Describe the transfer of energy of a car breaking

Describe the transfer of energy of a Archer firing a bow and arrow

What are the two factors of determining kinetic energy

speed and mass

More speed =

More kinetic energy

More mass =

More kinetic energy

What is the equation of finding kinetic energy

where Ek = kinetic energy, m (Kg) = mass, v (m/s) = velocity/speed

What is gravity

force of attraction between 2 objects

What does size of force when looking at gravity depend on

mass of the object (Amount of matter) and how far apart objects are

If an object has a small mass what happens to the gravitational force of attraction

it is tiny

If an object has a large mass but it is far away e.g. Jupiter what happens to the gravitational force of attraction

it is tiny

If an object is large and close like the earth and moon what happens to the gravitational force of attraction

gravity is far more stronger and can have a big influence over nearby objects

What is the field of influence in terms of gravity called

gravitational field

What is the strength of the field of influence in terms of gravity called

gravitational field strength (g)

what is the gravitational field strength (g) of earth

9.8 N/Kg

what happens when an object comes into a gravitational field

it experiences a force of attraction, that force is called weight

Weight

Force exerted on object due to gravity

What does weight depend on?

1. mass of object

2. Gravitational pull

How to calculate weight

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

How would the weight of an object differ on the moon rather than earth

as the moon has a smaller gravitational field strength the weight would decrease

what is gravitational potential energy formula

mass in kg, gravitational field strength in N/kg and height in meters. E_p in joules

describe the transfer Between KE & GPE

describe GPE and KE of a roller coaster, referring to diagram

What is internal energy

Total energy stored by the particles making up a substance or system

What is internal energy made up of?

potential energy stores and kinetic energy stores

what happens when u heat up a substance

it transfers energy to the kinetic energy store of all the particles so, increases their internal energy, we measure this as a increase in temperature because temperature is a measure of the average internal energy.

what is meant by the specific heat capacity

• The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degrees Celsius.

• Or the amount of energy released as a substance cools.

what is the specific heat capacity equation?

What is the specific heat capacity of water?

In real life, some energy is lost to surrounding, what can we do to strop this if doing an experiment

we use a lid and insulate the container or beaker well