REAL EXAM study part 2

Each of the following statements accurately describes a feature of arteries EXCEPT which one?

Valves along major arteries maintain directed blood flow.

Which one of the following plays the most significant role in regulating the distribution of blood into tissues?

arterioles

Fluid that "escapes" from the circulatory system due to high pressure is referred to as

interstitial fluid

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding arterioles and arteries?

Arterioles are smaller and have less smooth muscle than arteries.

All of the following are features of capillaries that promote exchange between blood and interstitial fluid EXCEPT which one?

Capillaries have tiny valves that keep the blood flowing in one direction.

Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement?

Veins are more distensible than arteries.

Each of the following mechanisms plays a role in the return of blood to the heart via veins EXCEPT which one?

osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood

Life-threatening aneurisms are most likely to occur in

arteries.

Exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of

capillaries.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the lymphatic system?

The lymphatic system removes microorganisms from body fluid.

Fluid in the lymphatic system, as well as interstitial fluid, is

derived from blood plasma.

These structures serve as gates that regulate blood flow from arterioles into capillaries.

precapillary sphincters

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and produces lubricant for heart contraction is the

pericardium

The left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle

must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the body.

When blood leaves the heart, it first enters

arteries

The atrioventricular valves are closed when the

ventricles contract.

The aortic semilunar valve opens when the

arterial pressure is lower than the ventricular pressure.

After blood flows through the right atrium of the heart, its next major destination is the

right ventricle.

Which one of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

pulmonary vein

Each of the following is part of the systemic circuit EXCEPT the

pulmonary arteries

Which of the blood vessels in the human cardiovascular system contain deoxygenated blood?

A and C

In the ________ circuit, blood leaving the ________ ultimately delivers oxygen and nutrients to all of the body's tissues and organs.

pulmonary; lung capillaries

Deoxygenated blood always flows

toward the right atrium.

Blood pressure in veins is lower than that in arteries, and a series of ________ are necessary to prevent backflow of blood.

one-way valves

Blood pumped from the right ventricle is ________ and enters the ________.

deoxygenated; pulmonary trunk

Electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of heart muscles are initiated in the

sinoatrial node.

Arthrosclerosis is a condition that results in a thickening of arterial walls due to buildup of fatty deposits containing

cholesterol

Risk factors for atherosclerosis include factors that can raise the levels of blood cholesterol, such as

obesity, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle

Given the following components of the cardiac conduction cycle, which one of the following best describes the movement of the stimulus that causes a heart contraction? A. atrioventricular bundle B. sinoatrial node C. atria D. atrioventricular node E. Purkinje fibers F. ventricles

B, C, D, A, E, F

The sinoatrial node

regulates the rate of heart contraction

Which layer of the heart is in contact with the blood?

endocardium

An electrocardiogram is used to

measure the electrical activity of the heart.

Following damage to his heart, Jim is having a pacemaker implanted. Which one of the following components of the heart does this device replace the activity of?

sinoatrial node

Blood pressure is highest in

arteries.

Ventricular fibrillation is occurring in a patient who has just arrived in the emergency room. Which one of the following treatments may be applied immediately to correct this potentially fatal arrhythmia?

cardioversion

The "lub" of the lub-DUB sounds heard through a stethoscope when listening to the heart is produced by the

closing of the two atrioventricular valves.

Which one of the following segments of the typical cardiac cycle is the briefest?

atrial systole

You have been advised to check your pulse during exercise in order to monitor your heart rate. What is happening in your heart as your pulse is produced?

ventricular systole

In which one of the following blood vessels is blood under the lowest pressure?

vein

When the force of blood on the walls of blood vessels drops below normal, the condition is referred to as

hypotension

Which one of the following symptoms is most typical of hypertension?

most often there are no symptoms

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding baroreceptors?

Baroreceptors are pressure sensors that monitor blood pressure

Cardiac output can be calculated by

multiplying heart rate by stroke volume

Which one of the following would result in a decrease in cardiac output?

decreased stroke volume

Which one of the following parts of the brain regulates heart activity?

medulla oblongata

Which response would be characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

decrease the rate of heart contraction

A person's blood pressure has fallen below normal as the person has quickly jumped out of his or her chair where he or she had been relaxing. All of the following reflect events in restoring the blood pressure to normal EXCEPT which one?

The heart rate will decrease

Which one of the following best describes an angiogram?

an x-ray picture of blood vessels

Which one of the following is a symptom of a heart attack?

intense chest pain

In a weakened heart, the heart begins to pump less blood, resulting in blood backing up in the veins causing pressure in veins and capillaries to rise. This condition is called

congestive heart failure.

All of the following are recommended ways to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease EXCEPT which one?

older adults — use hormone replacement therapy

When blood first leaves the heart where does it enter?

The arteries, specifically the aorta.

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding arterioles and arteries?

Arterioles are smaller and have less smooth muscle than arteries.

Each of the following statements accurately describes a feature of arteries EXCEPT which one?
A) Arteries have an endothelial lining that reduces friction and promotes smooth blood flow.
B) Arteries have a smooth muscle layer on the outside, which provides some stiffness.
C) Elastin fibers in arterial walls allow stretching of the arteries.
D) Valves along major arteries maintain directed blood flow.
E) A tough supportive layer of connective tissue containing collagen is found on the outer surface of

D) Valves along major arteries maintain directed blood flow.

All of the following are ways in which blood functions to maintain homeostasis in the human body EXCEPT which one?

A. Regulating the pH of body fluids
B. Transporting hormones and other chemical messengers throughout the body from their point of secretion to their targets
C. Transporting nutrients derived from digestion to all tissues in the body
D. Conducting action potentials that originate in the nervous system to help with cell-cell communication
E. Moving carbon dioxide away from cells following completion of aerobic metabolism

Conducting action potentials that originate in the nervous system to help with cell-cell communication