Western Civ 9H Quiz

Giuseppe Mazzini

• Soul for Italian Unification

• Created a centralized republic based on popular sovereignty

• Founded “Young Italy

• Used letters and writings to inspire nationalism.

Camillo di Cavour

• “The Brain”

• Prime Minister of Sardinia (North)

• Clever diplomacy

• Formed alliances

• Modernized the economy and military.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

• “The Sword”

• Led the Red Shirts expedition

• Military leader of the South

• Conquered Sicily and Naples

Victor Emmanuel II

• The first king of Italy.

Three Barriers of Unity

• Foreign power: Austria-Hungarian Empire

• Regionalism: Different languages, loyalty to local government/leaders.

• Papal states: The pope controlled the center of Italy and didn’t want to give up his political power.

Risorgimento:

The struggle against political, cultural, and religious obstacles for Italian Unification

Capture of Rome

• During Franco-Prussian War.

• France withdrew its troops from Rome.

• Italian troops captured Rome and made it the capital.

• Completed unification

Expedition of the Thousand

• Garibaldi and his “Red Shirts”

• Conquered the Kingdom of Two Sicilies.

• Garibaldi handed his conquests to King Victor Emmanuel II.

Challenges after Unification

• Pope refused to accept new Italian government → loyalty divide

• Economic differences (Industrialized north vs agricultural south)

• Lack of political representation and stability →resentment

Otto Von Bismarck

• Chancellor of Prussia

Blood and iron

• War and military power over speeches and majority resolutions.

Zollervin

• Trade unions among the German states.

• Unite them economically.

Role of Napoleon

Conquered German states -→ supports unification

Realpolitik

Politics that do whatever is needed to solve a problem and throw out ideologies and traditions.

Bismarck actions

• Passed social welfare programs

• Gave insurance

• Battled against Socialists and communists.

Wars for German Unification (in order)

• Danish

• Austro-Prussian War

• Franco-Prussian War

Ems Dispatch

• Franco-Prussian War.

• Bismarck changed the telegraph.

• Made it seem like Napoleon II insulted Prussia.

• Unified Catholics and Protestants.