Social change and effects on boys

Why does Jackson say a laddish subculture forms?

As boys avoid hard work as they don’t want to be labelled as ‘swots’, they fear appearing feminine so reject schoolwork and ladishness spreads as girls outperforms boys because they become more competitive

What did Jackson find from her interviews and questionnaires at 8 schools?

Schools are dominated by a culture of hegemonic masculinity and men look for other forms of status in anti-school culture and exaggerating masculinity

What did Jackson find about boys view on education in relation to a job?

Boys do not care about education as they go into unskilled low paid jobs

What does hegemonic masculinity suggest?

Masculinity should be dominant, show toughness and competitiveness and reject femininity

What did Baber find about boys ability?

Boys overestimate their ability which leads to underachievement

What are macho boys?

Boys who reject school and show masculinity through aggression

What did Epstein find about macho boys?

Many boys want to be macho lads

What did Epstein find about boys who do well in school?

They are labelled as ‘gay’

What did Epstein find about working class boys?

They couldn’t balance macho boys and achieving well so they rejected school

What is found out about teacher interactions in school?

Boys are disciplined harsher than girls and teachers have lower expectations of boys because boys dominate discussion and girls cooperate, which leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy