Pharmacology: CVS and Kidney Drugs Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering cardiovascular pharmacology (arrhythmias, heart failure, hypertension, angina, lipids) and diuretic pharmacology based on lecture transcript.

Adenosine (Acute SVT Dose)

Administered via IV rapid push, the dose for adults is $6\,mg$ and for children is $0.1\,mg/kg$.

Atropine

The Drug of Choice (DOC) for the management of Bradyarrhythmia.

Adenosine Side Effects

Can cause Bronchoconstriction (contraindicated in Asthma) and Atrial fibrillation.

Amiodarone (DOC)

The Drug of Choice for Ventricular tachycardia (VT), Ventricular fibrillation (VF), and chronic rhythm management in Atrial Fibrillation.

Lidocaine

The Drug of Choice (DOC) for Digoxin/ischemia-induced Ventricular tachycardia or Ventricular fibrillation.

MgSO4 (Magnesium Sulfate)

The Drug of Choice (DOC) for acute attacks of Long QT Syndrome, specifically Torsades de pointes.

Flecainide

The Drug of Choice (DOC) for WPW Syndrome; noted as the most arrhythmogenic side effect.

Acute CHF Management

The Drug of Choice is IV Dobutamine as it maintains normal heart rate; alternative is the PDE-3 inhibitor Milrinone.

Pulmonary Edema DOC

IV Furosemide, which initially causes vasodilation (reducing preload) followed by diuresis.

SHIVA Beta

Mnemonic for drugs that decrease mortality in chronic CHF: Sacubitril, Spironolactone, SGLT-2 inhibitors, Hydralazine + IDN, Ivabradine, Vericiguat, ACEi/ARB, and Beta blockers.

Resistant Hypertension

Hypertension resistant to at least 3 classes of drugs (including a diuretic); pathology often involves increased Aldosterone. DOC is Spironolactone.

Aprocitentan

A new endothelin receptor inhibitor used for resistant hypertension.

Losartan

An ARB that increases uric acid excretion, making it the DOC for patients with both Hypertension and Gout.

Hypertensive Emergency DOCs

Labetalol is the DOC for pregnancy; Nicardipine is the general Drug of Choice.

Ivabradine

Inhibits Funny channels ($IF$ current) in the SA node to decrease heart rate with normal contraction; used in stable angina.

Amiodarone Ocular Side Effect

Whorl-like corneal microdeposits.

Digoxin Ocular Side Effects

Green halos and Xanthopsia (yellow vision).

Pitavastatin

The most potent statin for reducing LDL.

Pravastatin

The only statin not metabolized by CYP450, making it the DOC for patients on protease inhibitors to avoid statin toxicity.

Ezetimibe

Blocks the NPC1 L1 receptor in the small intestine to inhibit cholesterol absorption.

Acetazolamide

A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is the Drug of Choice (DOC) for acute mountain sickness.

Ethacrynic Acid

A loop diuretic noted for being the most ototoxic in its class.

Chlorthalidone

The longest acting thiazide diuretic, preferred for the management of hypertension.

Amiloride

A potassium-sparing diuretic that is the Drug of Choice (DOC) for Lithium-induced Diabetes Insipidus (DI) and Liddle syndrome.

Mannitol

An osmotic diuretic used as the Drug of Choice for Acute congestive glaucoma, Cerebral edema, and Dialysis disequilibrium.