Unit Test Review

Dolores Huerta

civil rights activist, who co-founded the United Farm Workers, and lobbied to help Hispanic immigrants to assimilate into American culture and receive equal rights

Dwight D. Eisenhower

President of the United State, who sent federal troops to Little Rock Arkansas to integrate the schools after Brown v. Board of Education

Interstate Highway Act

created the interstate highway system, which increased mobility and linked the country

Lyndon B. Johnson

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President of the United States, who pushed Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and created the Great Society to fight poverty and increase economic opportunities

Suburb

residential community surrounding a city; people started to migrate to during the 1950s and 1960s as cars became more affordable and the Interstate Highway system was created

Environmental Protection Agency

created to protect natural resources; Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act were passed in response

Public Broadcasting Act

created PBS, which brings educational programs to all Americans regardless of income

Harry S. Truman

President of the United States who issued an executive order to integrated the armed forces

Lobby

person/people try to influence government officials to pass laws to support their special interests

Boycott

refusal to buy a good or use a service until the law/treatment of workers changes

Black Panthers

– civil rights activists, who preached self-reliance and violent resistance

Feminine Mystique

book written by Betty Friedan, which encouraged women to seek their own opportunities (work outside the home)

Martin Luther King, Jr.

civil rights activist, who preached civil disobedience, led the Montgomery Bus Boycott, gave the I Have a Dream Speech, and wrote Letter from a Birmingham Jail

1968

Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated as he stood on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Tennessee

Medicare and Medicaid

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provides health insurance for people who are retired, disabled, or in low-income situations

Betty Friedan

civil rights activist, who fought for women’s rights; wrote the Feminine Mystique and co-founded the National Organization of Women

Sweat v. Painter

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Supreme Court Case which stated that in Texas the all-black law school was not equal to UT Law School; decision would later influence Brown v. Board of Education

Montgomery Bus Boycott

began when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white man; the bus boycott lasted for eleven months

Mendez v. Westminster

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California Court Case which stated that segregating students into “Mexican schools” was unconstitutional

Hector P. Garcia

civil right activist, who created the G.I. Forum to help Hispanic veterans receive benefits, such as, medical benefits and the G.I. Bill

Little Rock Nine

after Brown v. Board of Education, Governor Faubus refused to allow Nine African American students in Central High School; showed that the federal government would force integration

Affirmative Action

programs which give special consideration to women and minorities in education and employment to make up for past discrimination; has become very controversial

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

24th Amendment

outlawed poll taxes as a requirement for voting

Voting Rights Act of 1965

outlawed literacy tests as a qualification for voting

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

increased government funding to schools

Rock and Roll

created a generation gap and helped to integrate audiences

Thurgood Marshall

civil rights activists, who was the N.A.A.C.P. lead lawyer, served as the head lawyer on the Sweat v. Painter and Brown v. Board of Education court cases, and was the first African American Supreme Court Justice

Civil Rights Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination in public places, such as, schools, employment, hotels, restaurants, housing, and theaters

Delgado v. Bastrop ISD

Texas Court Case which stated that segregating into different schools was unconstitutional, but did allow for separation on the same campus

Rosa Parks

– civil rights activist, who non-violent actions led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man

G.I. Bill of Rights \n (Servicemen’s Re-Adjustment Act)

helped veterans to receive a college education and buy a house

Litigation

bringing an issue to the court system

Plessey v. Ferguson

Supreme Court Case created the “separate but equal” clause, which legalized segregation

Endangered Species Act

created to protect species threatened by extinction

National Organization for Women

co-found by Betty Friedan to fight for equlity for women, especially in the work place

15th Amendment

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guarantees the right to vote to all citizens regardless of race

Chicano Mural Movement

started in the Southwestern region of the United States; artists painted scenes depicting Hispanic Heritage and celebrating their cultural identity

Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme Court Case which declared that segregation was unconstitutional; led to the desegregation/integration of schools across the country

Vaccines

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helped to increase life expectancy; polio was the most famous from the 1950s

Economic Opportunity Act

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created programs such as, Head Start, VISTA, and the Job Corps

Great Society

President Johnson’s plan to increase economic equality across the nation; started with the Economic Opportunity Act

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

written by Martin Luther King, Jr. used to justify the use of civil disobedience

American Indian Movement

created to fight for the rights of Native Americans; included organizing the Occupation of Alcatraz, Mount Rushmore, and Wounded Knee, and the March on Washington

Beat Generation

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emphasized spontaneity and challenging traditional cultural values; started the counterculture movement

“I Have a Dream”

speech given by Martin Luther King, Jr. during the March on Washington; afterwards we see an increase in civil rights legislation being passed

Hernandez v. Texas

Supreme Court Case which declared that there was a difference between race and ethnicity and so guaranteed that Hispanics were protected under the 14th Amendment

14th Amendment

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guarantees citizenship, equal protection, and due process

Civil Rights Act of 1957

showed an increased government commitment to civil rights

United Farm Workers

co-founded by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta to fight for better working conditions for migrant workers

Television

increased during the 1950s as family stayed at home for entertainment; emphasize traditional family roles

Title IX of the Higher Education Act

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required schools to offer equal opportunities for women in education and sports

March on Washington

led by civil rights leaders, over 200,000 African Americans and Whites spent the day in song, prayer, and listening to speeches

Civil Disobedience

refusal to obey a government law(s) as a means of passive resistance because of one’s moral conviction or belief

Baby Boom

increased the population of the United States and led to economic development from increased consumption (more schools, houses, and consumer products)

Cesar Chavez

civil rights activists, who co-founded the United Farm Workers, fought for the rights of migrant workers, and helped to organize national grape and lettuce boycotts

Freedom Riders

African American and Whites traveled around the south testing the law desegregating interstate buses and helped to desegregate lunch counters