Chapter 11 - Medical Terminology - Reproductive System

gonads

testes/ovaries; function in the production of reproductive cells

spermatozoa

sperm

ova

eggs

spermatozoon

singular for spermatazoa

ovum

singular for ova

genitalia

genitals

gynecology

study of diseases of the female reproductive system

gynecologist

specialist in the study of diseases of the female reproductive system

cervic/o

cervix

-cidal

killing

colp/o, vagin/o

vagina

cyst/o, vesic/o

bladder, cyst, or sac

gynec/o

female

genit/o

genitals

hyster/o, uter/o

uterus

gonad/o

genitals or reproduction

metr/o, metr/i

uterine tissue

men/o

month

oophor/o, ovar/o

ovary

-plasia

development or formation

salping/o

fallopian tube (uterine tube)

rect/o

rectum

vulv/o

vulva (external genitalia)

urethr/o

urethra

urin/o

urine

mons pubis

pad of fatty tissue and thick skin that overlies the front of the pubic bone

labia majora

larger skin fold that protects the vaginal opening

labia minora

smaller skin fold that protects the vaginal opening

clitoris

small mass of erectile tissue and nerves that has similarities to the male penis

vagin/o

vagina

menstruation

discharge of bloody fluid from the uterus at fairly regular intervals

climacteric/menopause

marks the end of a woman's reproductive period

menses

menstruation; sloughing off of the endometrium that has been prepared to receive a fertilized ovum but is not needed

cytology

study of cells

pap smear

Papanicolaou smear; material is collected form areas of the body that shed cells

colposcopy

visual examination of the vagina with a colposcope

dysplasia

a change in shape, growth, and number of cells

laparoscopy

the examination of the abdominal cavity through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall

lapar/o

abdominal wall

hysteroscopy

direct visual examination of the cervical canal and uterine cavity using a hysteroscope

hysterosalpingogram

an x-ray image of the uterus and uterine tubes using a radiopaque substance introduced through the cervix

amenorrhea

absence of menstrual flow when it is normally expected

dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation

menorrhagia

excessive flow during menstruation

metorrahagia

bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during the menstrual period

cervical polyp

fibrous or mucous stalked tumor of the cervical mucosa (lining)

cervicocolpitis

inflammation of the cervix and vagina

colpitis; vaginitis

inflammation of the vagina

cystocele

herniation or protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina

endometriosis

condition in which tissue that somewhat resembles the endometrium is found abnormally in various locations in the pelvic cavity

endometritis

inflammation of the endometrium

fistula

abnormal, tubelike passage between two internal organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

rectovaginal fistula

abnormal opening between the rectum and the vagina

vesicovaginal fistula

abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina

hysteroptosis

prolapse of the uterus

myoma

common benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle

oophoritis

an inflamed condition of an ovary

oophorosalpingitis

inflammation of an ovary and its uterine tube

ovarian carcinoma

cancer of an ovary, a malignancy that is rarely detected in the early stage and usually far advanced when diagnosed

ovarian cyst

sac filled with fluid or semisolid material that develops in or on the ovary, and is usually benign

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

infection of the upper genital organs beyond the cervix, often involving the peritoneum and intestines

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, headache, painful breasts, sleep changes and other symptoms occurring a few days before the onset of menstruation

salpingitis

inflammation of a uterine tube

salpingocele

hernia protrusion of a uterine tube

uterine cancer

any malignancy of the uterus, including the cervix or endometrium

uterine fibroid

the most common benign tumor occurring within the uterus, and may cause general enlargement of the lower abdomen

leiomyoma

uterine fibroid

vulvitis

inflammation of the vulva

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

method of fertilizing the ova outside the body by collecting mature ova and placing them in a dish with spermatozoa before placing them in the uterus for implantation

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

common intervention for women who suffer the symptoms of menopause or who are at high risk for osteoporosis

sterilization

tubal ligation (females) vasectomy (males)

coitus

sexual union of opposite genders (penis to vagina)

copulation

sexual intercourse

contraceptive

used to prevent contraception/pregnancy

intrauterine device (IUD)

contraceptive device that is inserted into the uterus by a physician

spermicides

kill sperm

colpoplasty

surgical repair (plastic surgery) of the vagina

colporrhaphy

suture of the vagina

conization of the cervix

excision of a cone of tissue form the cervix performed vro remove a q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

surgical procedure that expands the cervical opening (dilation or dilatation) so that the uterine wall can be scraped (curettage)

endometrial ablation

destruction of a thin layer of the uterus to stop heavy menstrual bleeding

ablation

removal or destruction of a part

hysterectomy

surgical removal of the uterus

laparohysterectomy

removal of the uterus through the abdominal wall

radical hysterectomy

uterus, cervix, ovaries, uterine tubes, and nearby lymph nodes and lymph channels are removed

oophorectomy

surgical removal of one or both ovaries

salpingectomy

surgical removal of a uterine tube

salpingo-oophorectomy

removal of an ovary and its accompanying uterine tube

salpingorrhaphy

suture of a uterine tube

tubal ligation

sterilization by surgically binding or crushing the uterine tubes

vulvectomy

excision of the vulva; usually to treat vulvar cancer

fertilization

union of an ovum and a sperm, resulting in an embryo

implantation

embedding of a fertilized ovum

Zygote

Fertilized ovum

Amnion/chorion

Extraembryonic membranes that form around the embryo and help make the placenta

Placenta

Structure through which the fetus derives nourishment during pregnancy; after birth

Fetal

Adjective; referring to the fetus

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Hormone produced after fertilization

Amni/o

Amnion (fetal membrane)

Fet/o

Fetus