Pedi Airway & Infectious Diseases

What is croup also called?

Laryngotracheobronchitis

What is the usual cause of croup?

Viral infection

What age group is most commonly affected by croup?

6 months to 4 years

What are the classic signs and symptoms of croup?

Hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, and barking cough

What temperature is typically associated with croup?

Less than 104°F

When do most emergency episodes of croup occur?

At night

Management of croup

Cool mist or humidified oxygen, nebulized/racemic epinephrine may be indicated

What is epiglottitis?

Inflammation of the epiglottis

Is epiglottitis common or uncommon?

Uncommon

What is the usual cause of epiglottitis?

Bacterial

At what age can epiglottitis occur?

Any age

How does epiglottitis typically begin?

Suddenly

What are the classic signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?

Muffled voice, drooling, difficulty or painful swallowing

What temperature is typically associated with epiglottitis?

Greater than 104°F

What position is commonly seen with epiglottitis?

Tripod position

Management of epiglottitis

Keep child calm and provide oxygen if indicated and tolerated

What is bronchiolitis?

Viral infection of the lower respiratory tract

What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

RSV

What age group is most commonly affected by bronchiolitis?

Less than 2 years old

During what season does bronchiolitis commonly occur?

Winter

Is bronchiolitis usually serious?

Generally not serious but may be life threatening

What breath sounds are associated with bronchiolitis?

Coarse breath sounds

Management of bronchiolitis

Oxygen administration, albuterol, nebulized epinephrine

What causes meningitis?

Viral or bacterial infection

Which type of meningitis is most life threatening?

Bacterial meningitis

What neck finding is associated with meningitis?

Stiff neck

What meningeal signs may be present with meningitis?

Kernig’s sign and Brudzinski’s sign

What is Kernig’s sign?

Pain or resistance when extending the knee with the hip flexed, indicating meningeal irritation

What is Brudzinski’s sign?

Involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed, indicating meningeal irritation

What temperature finding is associated with meningitis?

High fever

What is petechiae?

Pink or red rash with spots on the skin

What is purpura?

Dark purple lesions

What PPE should be used for meningitis patients?

N95 mask

Croup age range

6 months to 4 years

Croup cough description

Barking cough

Croup breath sound

Inspiratory stridor

Croup temperature

Less than 104°F

Epiglottitis temperature

Greater than 104°F

Epiglottitis voice description

Muffled voice

Epiglottitis swallowing findings

Difficulty or painful swallowing

Epiglottitis position

Tripod position

Bronchiolitis most common cause

RSV

Bronchiolitis age group

Less than 2 years old

Bronchiolitis breath sounds

Coarse breath sounds

Meningitis neck finding

Stiff neck

Meningitis rash finding (pink/red spots)

Petechiae

Meningitis rash finding (dark purple lesions)

Purpura

Most life-threatening type of meningitis

Bacterial meningitis

What respiratory illness presents with a barking cough and inspiratory stridor?

Croup

What respiratory illness presents with drooling, muffled voice, and tripod positioning?

Epiglottitis

What respiratory illness is most commonly caused by RSV?

Bronchiolitis

What infectious condition presents with stiff neck, fever, petechiae, and purpura?

Meningitis