Patient Care and Population Health Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive deck of flashcards based on the aerospace medical specialty lecture notes covering conflict resolution, ethics, legal aspects, documentation, and various patient care conditions.

What is the stated purpose of a survey in the health care system?

To collect feedback from customers in order to serve them better.

The survey program was formally established in response to which Public Law?

National Defense Authorization Act Public Law No. 102-484

What year was the National Defense Authorization Act Public Law No. 102-484 enacted?

1992

What are the four specific areas the administering secretaries must determine annually through surveys?

Availability of services, Familiarity with facilities, Health status, and Satisfaction with quality.

What does the acronym DHA stand for?

Defense Health Agency

What does the acronym DSD stand for?

Decision Support Division

Against what are health care survey results benchmarked?

National norms

Which office provides direction, coordination, and oversight for all DoD-wide health care survey research?

Decision Support Division's DoD Health Care Survey Operations and Information Control

What does the acronym JOES stand for?

Joint Outpatient Experience Survey

What is the focus of the Joint Outpatient Experience Survey (JOES)?

The beneficiary experience with care received in military treatment flights (MTFs).

What does the 'C' in JOES-C stand for?

Consumer Assessment of Health Providers and Systems (CAHPS)

What is the primary purpose of the JOES-C survey?

To focus on beneficiary experience in direct and purchase care provider offices and compare results to civilian benchmarks.

What website enables customers to rate services received from DoD facilities?

Interactive Customer Evaluation (ICE)

What are the two categories of recommended improvement areas for processes?

For staff and for processes

What is the first step in the conflict resolution process?

Define the problem

What should you do during the 'Define the Problem' step of conflict resolution?

Listen and address the conflict right away.

What is the second step in the conflict resolution process?

Identify solutions

What actions are involved in identifying solutions during conflict resolution?

Gather information and ask open-ended questions.

What is the third step in the conflict resolution process?

Choose the best solution

What is step four of conflict resolution?

Implement the solution

What is step five of conflict resolution?

Evaluate the results

True or False: The patient is always right in every situation.

False (Transcript states: 'The patient may not always be right but arguing will only worsen the situation.')

Why is it important to remain calm and professional during conflict?

In case the patient complains, a supervisor or staff member can defend your behavior.

Where should you attempt to escort an agitated patient to avoid an unprofessional encounter?

A private setting or office

Whom should you notify if a conflict cannot be resolved at your level?

Your supervisor or the patient advocate

What pertains to the judgment and choices you must make in a given situation?

Ethics

What is ethical judgment?

Making a moral decision on what should be done in a given situation.

What traits make up good moral character according to ancient Grecian philosophy?

Temperance, wisdom, courage, and fortitude.

What Christian attitudes contribute to moral character in health care?

Faith, hope, and clarity.

What Puritan ethic is mentioned as part of moral conduct?

Industriousness

What three additional traits are expected to keep a medical professional above reproach?

Confidentiality, honesty, and compassion.

How is 'obligation' defined in terms of moral character?

A pull to do something based on certain character traits.

Which organization has a code of ethics for Registered Nurses (RNs)?

The American Nurses Association

Which organization has a code of ethics for Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs)?

The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses

What are three core traits required of aerospace medical service specialty providers?

Service above self, doing no harm, and treating patients with compassion.

What is professionalism considered the key to?

Standards of conduct

Define 'Autonomy'.

Respect for others; recognizing the right of individuals to make their own decisions.

Define 'Justice' in a medical context.

Fairness

What are 'Moral principles'?

General philosophical concepts pertaining to morals and ethics.

What are 'Moral rules'?

Specific guidelines applied in ethical discussions or decision-making.

Define 'Non-maleficence'.

The duty or responsibility to do no harm.

What is considered a basic ingredient for a code of ethics?

Non-maleficence

Define 'Beneficence'.

Doing good

Define 'Fidelity'.

Faithfulness to do good; acting in a responsible manner.

Define 'Veracity'.

Truthfulness

What foundation underlies all conduct in patient care?

Respect for all individuals as human beings.

What is the first step in the Standards of Conduct for Patient Care?

Respect each person as an individual.

What is step two of the Standards of Conduct for Patient Care?

Know the limits of your role and knowledge.

What is step three of the Standards of Conduct for Patient Care?

Perform only the tasks within the legal limits of your role.

What is step four of the Standards of Conduct for Patient Care?

Perform only the tasks you have been trained to do.

What documentation is required before performing a task independently?

The task must be documented and signed off by a trainer.

What is step five of the Standards of Conduct for Patient Care?

Perform no act that will harm the person.

What should you do if an instruction is unclear or doesn't make sense?

Clarify the direction with the nurse.

What is step seven of the Standards of Conduct for Patient Care?

Follow unit policies and procedures.

Why must safety always come first in task completion (Step 8)?

To ensure the task is completed safely.

To whom should patient information be shared?

Only to those who need to know.

How should patient privacy and property be protected (Step 10)?

By creating an environment conducive to private conversations and personal privacy.

How quickly should errors and incidents be reported?

Honestly and immediately.

What is step twelve of the Standards of Conduct for Patient Care?

Be accountable for your actions.

What is the primary difference between patient rights and patient responsibilities?

Rights protect the patient; responsibilities protect healthcare workers and other patients.

List three examples of patient rights.

Receive quality care, refuse treatment, and be treated with dignity/respect.

What is the patient entitled to know before being discharged?

Information and training about self-care and follow-up care.

What must the patient be provided to make a decision regarding consent?

Significant complications, risks, benefits, and available alternative treatments.

What right does a patient have regarding research projects at a facility?

The right to be advised and refuse participation.

List three examples of patient responsibilities.

Provide accurate medical history, inform provider if they don't understand, and assist in noise control.

Who is responsible for ensuring medical records are returned to the facility after transportation to appointments?

The patient

How should a medic approach care for death and dying?

Provide consistent and appropriate care regardless of prognosis, with compassion and understanding.

What is the most common form of emotional support for a dying patient?

Being available as a listener.

How does an infant typically view the concept of death?

No real concept; only a sense that something has changed.

How do children aged $2-6$ years old view death?

As temporary; they may blame themselves as punishment for being bad.

What age group views death as final but thinks it only happens to other people?

$6-11$ years old

Which age group experiences the most difficult reactions to death due to fear of pain and suffering?

Young adults

What are common concerns for middle-aged adults regarding death?

Leaving things undone, not meeting goals, and regrets for mistakes.

How do elderly patients often view death?

As acceptance or welcomed freedom from pain; a chance to reunite with loved ones.

What are the five stages of emotional reaction (grieving process)?

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance.

In which stage does a person refuse to believe the worst?

Denial

Where is anger often directed during the grieving process?

Toward family, friends, and the health care team.

What is the 'Bargaining' stage?

The act of thinking 'If I just do this, then everything will be okay,' wishing for a life extension.

How should you support a patient in the 'Depression' stage?

Allow expressions of sadness, be a good listener, and let the patient do most of the talking.

What characterizes the 'Acceptance' stage?

Feeling calm and at peace; making logical plans to adjust to reality.

Which agency operates the alert system for healthcare providers' professional credentials?

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

What is the NPDB?

National Practitioner Data Bank

What year was the NPDB established by Congress?

1986

What is the main function of the NPDB as a workforce tool?

To prevent practitioners from moving state to state without disclosure of previous damaging performance.

Are NPDB reports available to the public?

No, they are confidential.

Which system is used to document all NPDB reports?

Centralized Credentials Quality Assurance System (CCQAS)

How long does the Surgeon General have to determine standard of care after a malpractice payment notice?

$180$ calendar days

According to DoDI 1332.18, what must NPDB reports include for uniformed service members?

Instances where failure to meet standard of care contributed to death or disability.

What does 'informed consent' mean?

The patient has given consent only after the details of the procedure have been explained.

What six things must be explained for informed consent?

Reason for procedure, How it is performed, Who performs it, Risks, Other options, and Expected outcomes.

From whom must consent be obtained for minors?

Parents or legal guardians

What is 'implied consent'?

A legal assumption that an unconscious or incapacitated person would consent to lifesaving treatment.

When does implied consent apply to minors?

When they need lifesaving treatment and parents/guardians are unavailable.

What is the definition of 'Standards of Care'?

Guidelines that specify the predicted care for specific situations.

What written plan often reflects a standard of care?

A protocol

What are the benefits of using clinical protocols?

Offers appropriate treatment, provides training, helps with resource costing, and bolsters medico-legal robustness.

What organization established the standard of care for CPR?

American Red Cross (ARC)

What database contains information for all uniformed service members and family for TRICARE eligibility?

Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System (DEERS)

Why is maintaining correct DEERS information critical?

Incorrect info can cause problems with TRICARE claims and other health benefits.

What types of status changes must be updated in DEERS?

Marriage, divorce, birth, and adoption.