LESSON 1: Electric Charges

Electric Charge

basic property of matter carried by same elementary particles

William Gilbert

made the book De Magnete ; developed the first instrument to measure electric charge

Benjamin Franklin

American Scientist who stated that there are two types of electricity ; made groundbreaking contributions to the understanding of electric charges in the mid-18th century, transitioning electricity from a parlor trick to a serious field of scientific study

600 BC

Greek noticed that rubbed amber attract pieces of dry leaves and feathers

Elektron

the meaning of the word amber

16th Century

there were more substances exhibit the behavior of attracting pieces of dry leaves ; glass rod, comb and sulfur

Electricus

means “of amber“

Neils Bohr

during 1913 this Danish physicist created a planetary structure of atom

Joseph John Thomson

discovered the electron and Plum Pudding Model

Ernest Rutherford

discovered the proton and Nuclear Model

James Chadwick

discovered the neutron

Proton

a stable, positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom, acting as a fundamental building block of matter

Electron

a fundamental, negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom

Neutron

a fundamental subatomic particle found in the nucleus of atoms (except hydrogen) alongside protons, possessing a neutral charge and a mass slightly greater than a proton

Fundamental Law of Electric Charges

states that opposite charged particles experience an attractive force that pulls them together, while like charges experience a repulsive force that pushes them away from each other

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

a French physicist, presented a mathematical equation which describes the electrostatic force between charges in 1785

Coulumb’s Law

states that the electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the amount of charge on the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between them

Conductors

materials that permit electrons to flow freely from particle to particle; electrons are not tightly bound to its atom

Insulators

materials that does not permit electrons to flow freely from partcle to particle

Charging by Friction

two objects should have physical contact ; the rubbing of two objects to transfer electrons from one object to another ; end result has opposite charges

Charging by Induction

no physical contact ; is a type of charging method which allows the transfer of electrons without physical contact between two uncharged objects ; end result is opposite charges

Charging by Conduction

physical contact ; excess electrons in the negatively charged object repel one another until the charges are very far apart as possible ; upon contact between the negatively charged object and the neutral metal sphere, some of the excess electrons move from the object onto the metal sphere; end result is having the same charge