Methods of Feeding and Animal Nutrition

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering animal basal energy requirements, specific dietary needs for reproduction, weaning protocols, and nutritional management of sick and geriatric animals.

What does the acronym BER stand for in animal nutrition?

basal energy requirements

What is a joule?

The work done by a force of $1\,\text{Newton}$ acting over a distance of $1\,\text{meter}$.

How many joules are contained in a kilojoule?

$1,000$ joules

How much protein does a normal dog require per $100\,\text{kilojoules}$ per day?

$$1\,\text{g}$$

What is the protein requirement for a cat per $100\,\text{kilojoules}$ per day?

$$1.5\,\text{g}$$

By what percentage can food intake increase in dogs during the last third of gestation?

$$25\,\text{percent}$$

What are the three important factors in producing and caring for breeding stock?

(1) genetics, (2) proper care and management, and (3) proper nutrition and feeding

High blood levels of which hormone are linked to high fertility and energy balance?

progesterone

What conditions can result from a protein deficiency during the reproductive cycle?

Delayed puberty, infertility, abnormal fetal growth and development, and decreased milk production.

Which mineral is required for thyroid hormone and may cause lack of estrus if deficient?

Iodine

Which mineral is necessary for the development of connective tissue and red blood cells?

copper

What mineral is required for bacteria to synthesize vitamin $B_{12}$?

Cobalt

Which mineral deficiency may influence testicular development in males?

Zinc

What disease can result in young animals from a vitamin D deficiency?

rickets

What are the ingredients for a homemade milk replacer for puppies or kittens?

$1\,\text{cup}$ of milk, $1\,\text{tablespoon}$ corn syrup, $3$ egg yolks, a drop or two of human liquid multivitamin, and a pinch of salt.

At what age can puppies and kittens be weaned, and what is the more desirable age range?

They can be weaned at $4\,\text{weeks}$, but $6$ to $8\,\text{weeks}$ is more desirable.

What is the recommended feeding frequency for kittens until they reach eight months of age?

$3$ times a day

In cases of chronic renal failure, which substance made by the liver from ammonia is often found at increased levels in the blood?

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

What is the term for an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity?

ascites

What is the key dietary restriction for animals with congestive heart failure to prevent edema and congestion?

Restricting dietary sodium

What characterizes the dietary needs for animals with liver disease?

Simple carbohydrates for energy, good-quality protein (derived from milk or egg products), and low fat.

How does obesity occur in an animal's body?

When the body converts excess carbohydrates and fats into stored fatty acids.