Life Science Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive set of question and answer flashcards covering the digestive system, plant classification, animal traits, genetics, and cellular processes based on the SSLG Grade 9 Life Science study capsule.

What is the main function of the digestive system?

To break down food into nutrients that the body uses for energy, growth, and repair of body tissues.

Which part of the digestive system chews food and mixes it with saliva?

Mouth

What is the function of the esophagus?

It is a tube that carries food to the stomach.

Which organ breaks down food using acids and enzymes?

Stomach

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

To absorb nutrients from food.

What does the large intestine absorb?

Water

Define 'Digestion'.

The process of breaking down food.

What are enzymes?

Substances that help digest food.

What are the characteristics of non-vascular plants?

Small in size, grow in moist places, have no true roots, stems, or leaves, and use diffusion to move water.

Give an example of a non-vascular plant.

Mosses

What transport tubes are found in vascular plants?

Xylem and phloem

What are some examples of vascular plants?

Ferns, Pine trees, and Flowering plants.

Name two traits that distinguish plants from animals according to the notes.

Plants make their own food through photosynthesis and have cell walls.

How do animal cells differ from plant cells regarding structure?

Animals have no cell walls.

What are three similarities between plants and animals?

Both are living things, both grow and reproduce, and both need water and energy.

What is a Punnett square used for?

To predict the possible traits of offspring.

Define 'Alleles'.

Different forms of a gene.

How is a dominant trait represented in a Punnett square?

By a capital letter.

In a cross of $Tt \times Tt$, what is the resulting phenotypic ratio?

$$3 \text{ Tall} : 1 \text{ Short}$$

Where do Archaebacteria live?

In extreme environments.

Which kingdom consists of mostly one-celled organisms such as the Amoeba?

Protista

How do organisms in the Fungi kingdom, such as mushrooms, get nutrients?

They absorb nutrients from surroundings.

What are the six kingdoms of classification (A E P F P A)?

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

What three things do plants need for photosynthesis?

Sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Glucose (food) and oxygen.

What is the definition of respiration in life science?

The process where cells break down food to release energy.