BIOL214 Articulations

what is a joint?

aka an articulation
bone to bone connection

abduction

away from body

adduction

towards the body

abduction/adduction are in what plane?

frontal

flexion

angle between two articulating bones is decreased by movement

extension

angle between two articulating bones is increased by movement

flexion/extension found in what plane?

sagittal

hyperextension

joint extension is continued past the anatomical direction

rotation

the hip and shoulder joints can rotate medially and laterally

circumduction

circular movement of a limb such that it traces an arch

diarthroses joints are

freely moveable

Amphiarthroses joints are

slightly movable

Synarthroses joints are

immovable

types of joints anatomically

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

fibrous joints held together by

connective tissue

fibrous joints are

the least movable

3 types of fibrous joints

1. Syndesmoses
2. Gomphosis
3. Sutures

syndesmoses joints attach bone together by

tough, fibrous ligament

examples of sydesmoses joints

tibia and fibula

gomphosis joints attach

each tooth to facial bone

gomphosis joints are

able to be move slightly

most cartilaginous joints are

slightly movable

2 types of cartilaginous joints

synchondroses and symphyses

symphyses joints are formed

when two bones are connected by a thin pad of fibrocartilage
-slight movement

synchondrosis joints padded with

hyaline cartilage
-none or slight movement

synovial joints are enclosed within a

joint cavity/capsule

ends of synovial joints are covered with

hyaline cartilage

synovial joint cavity filled with

synovial fluid

types of synovial joints

ball and socket, pivot, gliding, saddle, hinge, ellipsoidal (condyloid)

example of ball and socket joint

Glenohumeral joint

example of pivot joint

Radioulnar joint

example of gliding joint

Intercarpal joint

example of saddle joint

Carpometacarpal joint

example of hinge joint

Humeroulnar joint

example of condyloid joint

Radiocarpal joint