lab 3 section 1

the urinary system consists of

bladder, kidneys, urethra and ureter

the main function of the the urinary system are carries out by the _____

kidneys

function of kidneys

filter metabolic wastes from blood

regulate the volume: ph, electrolyte levels, and concentration of the blood

produce urine

associated structures of kidneys

renal fascia

perirneal fat capsule

renal fibrous capsule

renal hilum

adrenal

renal cortex

renal medulla

renal columns

renal pyramids

renal papilla

major calyx

minor calyx

renal pelvis

renal sinus

renal fascia

dense irregular connective tissue external to perirenal fat

anchors kidneys to posterior wall

perirenal fat capsule

external to renal capsule

provides protection

renal fibrous capsule

kidney outer wall/fibrous covering

protects kidneys

renal hilum

medial indentation

entry/ exit point for blood vessels nerves lymphatics ureter

adrenal gland

located superior to each kidney

renal cortex

outer region

contains golmeruli

major site of blood filtration

contains most nephron structures

renal medulla

inner region

consists of renal pyramids

contains collecting ducts and nephron loops

involved in urine concentration

renal columns

extensions of cortex between pyramids

renal pyramids

cone-shaped medullary structures

contain tightly packed collecting ducts

renal papilla

tip of renal pyramid

drains urine into minor calyx via papillary ducts

minor calyx

receives urine from papillary ducts

major calyx

formed by fusion of minor calyces

renal pelvis

funnel-like collecting region

receives urine from major calyces

empties into ureter

renal sinus

area surrounding renal pelvis

filled with adipose

ureter function

transport urine from kidney to urinary bladder

ureter structures

lined by urothelium

smooth muscle in wall produces peristalsis

adventitia anchors the ____ to nearby structures

ureter

urinary bladder functions

collects and temporarily stores urine

expels urine during micturitions

urothelium in the bladder allows for

stretching as bladder fills

what are the structures of the bladder

urothelium

ruage

lamina propria

detrusor muscle

trigone

internal urethral orifice

ruage

flattens as bladder fills

folds of mucosa when bladder empty

lamina propria

supports urothelium

detrusor muscle

smooth muscle of bladder wall

contracts to expel urine

trigone

triangle shaped area of bladder floor

defined by two ureter opening and internal urethral orifice

internal urethral orifice

opening from bladder to urethra

urethra function

carries urine from bladder to body surface

urethra structures

urothelium

stratified squamous epithelium (near body surface)

internal urethral sphincter (present in males)

external urethral sphincter

what are the male vs female segments of urethra

females: about 4cm, carries urine only

males:

-10-12cm

carries urine or semen

prostatic

membranous

spongy (penile)

arterial flow into the kidneys (14) starting from abdominal aorta

interlobar arteries, afferent arteriole, interlobar veins

segmental artery

peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

arcuate arteries

glomerulus

inferior vena cava

cortical radiate arteries

arcuate veins

renal artery

renal veins

cortical radiate veins

efferent arterioles

1. renal artery

2. segmental artery

3. interlobar arteries

4. arcuate arteries

5. cortical radiate arteries

6. afferent arterioles

7. glomerulus

8. efferent arterioles

9. peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

10. cortical radiate veins

11. arcuate veins

12. interlobar veins

13. renal veins

14. inferior vena cava

what is the functional unit of the kidney

nephron

kidneys create _____ of nephrons

millions

each nephron produces what

urine

nephron capillaries filter what

plasma

nephron tubules process filtrate by

reabsorption and secretion

what are the two general areas of a nephron

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

types of nephrons

cortical nephron

juxtamedullary nephron

cortical nephron

relatively short nephron loop

juxtamedullary nephron

long nephron loop deep into medulla

juxtamedullary nephrons are important for maintaining what osmolarity

high medullary

urine flow starting at glomerulus

capsular space

PCT

Loop of Henle

DCT

collecting duct

after nephron:

collecting duct

papillary duct

minor calyx

major calyx

renal pelvis

ureter

urinary bladder

urethra

what is micturition

emptying urine from the bladder when it fills about 200mL, stretch receptors send signals to sacral spinal cord

after stretch receptors signal spinal cord the parasympathetic motor nerves signal what

detrusor to contract

internal urethral sphincter to relax

if voluntary control is possible cerebrum signals what

relaxation of the external urethral sphincter

histology identification for renal cortex

pct tells are ___ and less distinct due to ____ microvillia

dct cells have more ___ boundaries

taller; abundant

distinct

cortex is distinguished from medulla in histology because

cortex has renal corpuslces

medulla show parallel tubes of simple cubodial epithelium from nephrons and collecting ducts

podcytes

wrap glomerular capillaries

form filtration slits

jg cells

release renin

adjust blood flow into glomerulus

macula densa

specialized dct cells monitor tubular blood flow

the kidneys are ___ which mean peritoneum covers only the anterior surface

retroperitoneal

what is the glomerulus hydrostatic pressure

60mmHg which is higher than typical capillary bed

only ____ and _____ filter thru the glomerular filtration barriers

small solutes and water

the collecting duct is strongly influenced by what (hint: more aquaporins inserted so more water is reabsorbed)

ADH

put these in order from left down to right down

word bank:

efferent arterioles

PCT cell

podocyte

glomerular capsule

microvilli PCT epithelium

afferent arteriole

correct answers

this is a picture of?

word bank for labeling left down then right down:

pct microvilli

podocytes

capsular space

dct cuboidal epithelium

renal capsule

simple squamous parietal capsule

correct answers

this is a picture of?

labels?

bowmans space

glomerulus

correct answers

picture of?

labels

lumen of renal tubule

simple cuboidal epithelium nucleus

if macula densa detects rapid tubular fluid flow it signals what to contract

jg cells

net filtration frop

gfr drops

fluid slows down

label words

jg cells

afferent arteriole

efferent arteriole

macula densa of dct

correct answers

aldoestretone also influences DCT to secrete ___ and ___ which affect the balance of body fluid

K+, H+

word bank

what is this???

lumen

urothelium

lamina propria

smooth muscle

adventitia

label bank

rugae

mucosa urothelium

trigone

prostate gland

internal urethral orifice

ureter

ureter opening

capsule

detrusor muscle

prostatic urethra

correct answers

picture of what?

word bank

urothelium

lumen

detrusor muscle

rounded apical urothelium cell

lamina propria

correct answers

word bank

prostate gland

spongy penile

prostatic urethra

urinary bladder

external urethral orifice

membranous urethra

internal urethral sphincter

correct answers

label bank

major calyx

renal column

minor calyx

renal papilla

renal capsule

renal pelvis

renal cortex

renal sinus adipose

ureter

word bank

ureter

collecting duct

major calyx

renal pelvis

renal papilla

minor calyx

correct answers

just know this

word bank

renal sinus adipose

renal hilum

major calyx

renal pelvis

ureter

minor calyx

medulla

column

pyramid

papilla

capsule

cortex

correct answers

word bank:

renal artery

interlobar vein and artery

renal vein

segmental

arcuate

cortical radiate

correct answers

word bank:

afferent arteriole

DCT

glomerulus

glomerular capsule

nephron loop

vasa recta

peritubular capillaries

PCT

efferent arterioles

correct answers