Mid term prep

Cahokia

The largest pre-Columbian city located on the Mississippi River, demonstrating a complex Native American civilization.

Hohokam

A Southwest irrigation society known for its advanced agricultural practices.

Three Sisters

A Native American farming system that includes the cultivation of corn, beans, and squash.

Powhatan Confederacy

An alliance of tribes led by Powhatan in Virginia.

Gifting Culture

A cultural practice where exchanging goods is meant to build relationships rather than for profit.

Baubles

Cheap trade goods that Europeans used to exploit Native American trade.

Separatists

Individuals, such as the Pilgrims, who sought to break away from the Church of England.

City Upon a Hill

A concept by John Winthrop referring to the idea of a model Christian society.

Quakers

A religious group advocating for equality, peace, and tolerance, led by William Penn.

Salem Witch Trials

Historical events driven by fear and religion that resulted in false accusations of witchcraft.

Virginia Slave Laws

Legislation that established slavery as a permanent and race-based institution.

Freedom Dues

Compensation given to indentured servants upon the completion of their contracts.

Task System

A labor system for enslaved individuals where they were assigned daily tasks allowing for some independence.

Venture Smith

An enslaved man known for documenting his life experiences.

Phillis Wheatley

An enslaved poet noted for demonstrating intellectual capability through her writings.

Nathaniel Bacon

The leader of Bacon’s Rebellion, a conflict driven by class issues.

King Philip

A Native American leader involved in King Philip’s War against English settlers.

Popé

The leader of the Pueblo Revolt in 1680, a successful uprising against Spanish rule.

Jemmy

The leader of the Stono Rebellion, a significant slave revolt.

Great Dismal Swamp

A refuge for escaped enslaved people in the southern United States.

New France

French territory in North America primarily focused on the fur trade.

Pays d’en Haut

The French Great Lakes region significant for trade and Indigenous relations.

Ohio Company

A land speculation organization that contributed to conflict with Native Americans.

Siege of Constantinople (1453)

An event that prompted European exploration due to fears of Ottoman expansion.

Reconquista

The Spanish Christian reconquest that influenced colonial attitudes towards Indigenous peoples.

Fall Line

The geographical boundary where rivers become non-navigable, often leading to city developments.

Poor Richard’s Almanack

A publication by Benjamin Franklin offering practical advice and reflecting colonial values.

Iron Eyes Cody

A figure who was not actually Native American, illustrating modern identity myths.

Branks

A punishment device used historically for public humiliation.

King Nero

An enslaved man linked to fears surrounding revolt in enslaved communities.