Mid term prep

🌎 NATIVE SOCIETIES & EARLY AMERICA

  • Cahokia β†’ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠ°Ρ pre-Columbian city (Mississippi River), shows complex Native civilization

  • Hohokam β†’ Southwest irrigation society

  • Three Sisters β†’ corn, beans, squash (Native farming system)

  • Powhatan Confederacy β†’ alliance of tribes led by Powhatan

  • Gifting Culture β†’ exchange = relationships, not profit

  • Baubles β†’ cheap trade goods Europeans used to exploit Native trade

πŸ‘‰ Big idea: Native societies were advanced and had different values than Europeans


β›ͺ RELIGION & COLONIAL IDEAS

  • Separatists β†’ wanted to break from Church of England (Pilgrims)

  • City Upon a Hill β†’ idea by John Winthrop β†’ model Christian society

  • Quakers β†’ equality, peace, tolerance (led by William Penn)

  • Salem Witch Trials β†’ fear + religion β†’ false accusations

πŸ‘‰ Big idea: Religion shaped laws, identity, and conflict


β›“ SLAVERY & LABOR SYSTEMS

  • Virginia Slave Laws β†’ slavery becomes permanent + race-based

  • Freedom Dues β†’ payment to indentured servants after contract

  • Task System β†’ enslaved people given daily tasks (more independence)

  • Venture Smith β†’ enslaved man who wrote about his life

  • Phillis Wheatley β†’ enslaved poet proving intellectual ability

πŸ‘‰ Big idea: Shift from indentured labor β†’ racial slavery


βš” CONFLICT & RESISTANCE

  • Nathaniel Bacon β†’ led Bacon’s Rebellion (class conflict)

  • King Philip β†’ Native leader in King Philip’s War

  • PopΓ© β†’ led Pueblo Revolt (1680, successful Native uprising)

  • Jemmy β†’ leader of Stono Rebellion (slave revolt)

  • Great Dismal Swamp β†’ refuge for escaped enslaved people

πŸ‘‰ Big idea: Both Native Americans and enslaved Africans resisted oppression


🌍 EMPIRE, TRADE & EXPANSION

  • New France β†’ French territory in North America (fur trade focus)

  • Pays d’en Haut β†’ French Great Lakes region

  • Ohio Company β†’ land speculation β†’ leads to conflict

  • Siege of Constantinople (1453) β†’ pushed Europeans to explore

  • Reconquista β†’ Spanish Christian reconquest β†’ shaped colonization mindset

πŸ‘‰ Big idea: Expansion = competition, trade, and war


🧭 GEOGRAPHY & ECONOMY

  • Fall Line β†’ boundary where rivers become non-navigable β†’ cities form

  • Poor Richard’s Almanack (by Benjamin Franklin) β†’ practical advice, colonial values


⚠ RANDOM BUT IMPORTANT

  • Iron Eyes Cody β†’ NOT actually Native (modern example of identity myth)

  • Branks β†’ punishment device (public humiliation)

  • King Nero β†’ enslaved man associated with revolt fears