public health
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38 Terms
what is etiology
study of the cause of disease
what is incidence
number of new cases of a disease
what is prevalence
number of existing cases of a disease
total number of cases of a disease
what is meant by emerging
new disease or rapid increase of a disease in incidence or in a geographic range
what is meant by endemic
amount of a particular disease that is usually present in a community
baseline
what is meant by epidemic
an increase (often sudden) in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in a specific area
what is meant by a pandemic
epidemic that has spread to multiple countries or continents and affects many people
what is the CDC
center for disease control
what does the CDC do
compile morbidity and epidemiological studies
responsible for statistics (not research)
what is the EPA
environmental protection agency
what does the EPA do
monitor soil, air, and water quality
what is the FDA
food and drug administration
what does the FDA do
regulate health products and food released to the public
what is the HHS
department of health and human sciences
what does the HHS do
control FDA, CDC and USPHS
what is the NIH
national institute of health
what does the NIH do
conduct research
what is OSHA
occupational safety and health administration
what does OSHA do
responsible for workplace safety
what is the USDA
US department of agriculture
what does the USDA do
regulate meat, poultry, and egg product
what does a case control do
compare 2 groups of people, those with a disease and those without a disease
why do we conduct a case control study
identify risk factors
what is a cohort
group of individuals sharing some characteristic and are followed over a period of time
what is a double blind study
clinical trial in which neither participant nor researcher knows which treatment or intervention participants are receiving until the trial is over
why do we conduct a double blind study
eliminates placebo
gold standard of studies
what does a retrospectiv study do
look backwards
what does a prospective study do
look forwards
what is formaldehyde used for
fix gross specimens
manufacture vaccines
anti-infective drugs
hard gel capsules
what is iodine used for
pre-operation disinfectant
thyroid disorders
what is vanocomycin used for
initial antibiotic treatment for MRSA (methicillin resistant staph aureus)
what is silver nitrate used for historically
prevent ophthalmia neonatorum (neisseria gonorrhea)
what is erythromycin used for
prevent ophthalmia neonatorum (neisseria gonorrhea)
what is penicilin
antibiotic
used to treat gram positive bacteria infections
is staphylococcus resistant to penicillin
yes
what is streptomyocin
antibiotic
used to treat gram negative bacterial infections
what is sulfa
antibiotic
used to treat gram negative bacterial infections
what is tetracycline
broad spectrum antibiotic
used to treat gram negative and positive infections