AP CSP Unit 11

STUDY!!!!

Internet

A philosophy of making information and knowledge open and accessible to all people. A network of networks built on open, agreed upon protocols

Protocol

A widely agreed upon set of rules that standardize communication between machines

Network

A group of two or more computer systems linked together

Bitrate

The amount of data (in bits) that can be sent in a fixed amount of time

Bandwidth

The capacity of data transfer in a system. Measured by bitrate

Latency

Time it takes for a bit to travel from sender to receiver. Fiber optic cables have low latency

network device

An electronic device which is required for communication between devices

Computing Devices

Physical artifact that can run a program

Input Devices

Computing devices that are used to take in information from a user or another device

Output Devices

Computing devices that are used to send computer data to the user

Storage Devices

Computing devices that remember information

Computing Systems

Group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

Computer Network

A group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

Internet Protocol (IP)

A protocol that defines the structure of an Internet address and assigns a unique address to every device on the Internet

IPv6

A new 128 bit version of the Internet Protocol.

URL

Stands for Uniform Resource Locator. You are locating a resource that exists somewhere on the internet

HTTP Request

A request is made by a client, to a named host, which is located on a server. The aim of the request is to access a resource on the server

HTTP Response

A response made by a server to a client. The aim of the response is to provide the client with the resource it requested

Domain Name System (DNS)

Used to translate domain names into IP addresses

Digital Information

Generally comprises data that is created by, or prepared for, electronic systems and devices such as computers, screens, calculators, communication devices and so on, and can be stored on those devices or in the Cloud

Routing

The process of sending data between two computers on the internet. The data is sent through routers that determine the route

Redundancy

When multiple paths exist between two points. This improves reliability and makes the internet fault tolerable. Makes the routing system scalable

Internet Protocol (IP)

A protocol that defines the structure of an Internet address and assigns a unique address to every device on the Internet

Packets

The units of data that are sent over the network

HTTP

A protocol that standardizes the language for talking to web servers to send and receive web pages, or HyperText information (HTML pages)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Allows for sending MULTIPLE packets between two computers. TCP checks that all packets arrived and can be put back in the proper order. The metadata must include a destination IP address, a from IP address, the message size and the packet order number

Sequential Programming

Refers to programs that are executed sequentially – once through, from start to finish, without other processing executing

Parallel and Distributed Programming

Completes multiple tasks at a time, simultaneously

DNS Spoofing

Pretending to be a DNS name resolver. Feed your computer the wrong IP address for a given website, and your browser now goes to a false website

DDoS Attack

Spam a web server with so many requests so close together that it crashes. Sometimes spitting out valuable information as it crashes

Cybersecurity

Protocols for encrypting/decrypting information. Most cybersecurity breaches happen due to human error, not software bugs

Cybercrime

Identity theft, stealing money, stealing private information, controlling private computers

Public Key Encryption

A type of asymmetric key encryption. There’s one key that encrypts the information and there is a different key that decrypts the information

certificate

Confirms the identity and authenticity of a website

Copyright

A law that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use, distribution, and sale

Public domain

Objects in the public domain are not subject to copyright laws, and thus may be freely used by the general public