Unit 5 Vocab

Meiosis

Cell division that halves the the chromosome number, producing egg or sperm cells

Cervix

Narrow inferior end of the uterus that leads into the vagina

Endometrium

Inner lining of the uterus

Perimetrium

Outer serosal layer of the uterine wall

Fundus

Rounded upper portion of the uterus

Progestin

A synthetic form of progesterone

Androgens

Male sex hormones such as testosterone

Genotype

The alleles (gene variants) of a particular gene in an individual

Phenotype

Trait or health condition caused by the expression of a gene or genes

Heterozygous

Different alleles in a gene pair

Homozygous

Identical alleles in a gene pair

Dominant allele

Allele that masks another allele

Recessive allele

Form of a gene not expressed if the dominant form is also present

Pleiotropic

When one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits affecting an organisms, anatomy (structure) and physiology (function)

Completely penetrant

A genotype that affects everyone who inherits it

Incompletely penetrant

Not all individuals with a mutant genotype show the mutant phenotype

Euploid

Cells that have a normal number of chromosomes

aneuploid

Cells that are missing a chromosome or having an extra one

Polyploid

More than two complete sets of chromosomes

Diploid

Two sets of chromosomes

Haploid

Having half the normal number of chromosomes, in humans 23

Nondisjunction

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate

Translocation

Moves a segment from one chromosome to another

Homologous chromosomes

Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes

Karyotype

Chart displaying 23 chromosome pairs in size order

Passive aging

The breakdown structure and slowing a function that occurs naturally with age

Preactive dying

• May take up to 3 months

• Some are aware and begin process of accepting their mortality

• Lose interest in news, friends, conversation food

• May sleep a lot, may develop problems with swallowing

Teratogen

Factor that causes malformations by affecting embryo during rapid growth, development or specialization

Crossing over

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics and offspring

Corpus Albicans

A white, fibrous connective tissue scar, that replaces the corpus luteum on the ovary surface when fertilization does not occur

Corpus luteum

Structure that forms from the tissues of a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogens

Menses

Menstrual cycle

Growth

An increase in size

Development

Growth and changes that occur in a person

Gene

Part of a DNA molecule that encodes information to synthesize a protein, a control sequence, or tRNA or rRNA; the unit of inheritance

Chromosome

Thread like structure built of DNA and protein that condenses and becomes visible in a cell nucleus during cell division

Genome

Complete set of genetic instructions for an organism

Gastrulation

Movement of cells within the embryonic disc to form multiple layers

Parturition

Pregnancy terminates with the birth process

Genetics

Science of heredity

Codominance

Case when two or more alleles are expressed, but none of them are dominant over the others, but some of them could be dominant over other alleles

Incomplete dominance

Case when two or more alleles are all expressed in a blending fashion, but none are dominant over the others or over any other alleles

Autosome

One of the 44 chromosomes that does not include a gene that determines sex

Pleiotropy

Genetic system where one gene contributes to several traits or has multiple deific effects

Monosomy

Missing a chromosome

Trisomy

Extra chromosome