Intro to political Science 114

H.F Verwoerd

The founder of apartheid commonly regarded as the father of apartheid in South Africa, he served as Prime Minister and implemented policies that enforced racial segregation.

F.W. De Klerk

The distinguished leader who ended apartheid in South Africa, serving as president from 1989 to 1994. He initiated negotiations to dismantle the apartheid system and release Nelson Mandela from prison.

The end date of apartheid

is often marked by the formal repeal of apartheid laws in 1994, leading to the first multiracial elections in South Africa.

The announcement of the end of apartheid

was made by F.W. De Klerk on the 2nd of February 1990, signaling a commitment to dismantling the apartheid system and establishing a new democratic government.

The start of appartheid

is commonly recognized as 1948, when the National Party government was elected and officially implemented policies of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa.

The national Party

was the political party that implemented apartheid in South Africa after winning the 1948 elections, enforcing a system of institutionalized racial segregation.

The Transvaal and Orange Free State

The Transvaal and Orange Free State were two Boer republics in Southern Africa during the 19th century. The Transvaal, originally known as the South African Republic (ZAR), was officially established in 1852. The Orange Free State was established in 1854. Both republics were formed by Dutch settlers (Boers) who migrated from the Cape Colony during the Great Trek. They were primarily agrarian societies that sought to establish independent governance from British rule. The discovery of gold and diamonds in these regions in the late 19th century increased British interest, leading to conflicts such as the Anglo-Boer Wars. The Transvaal eventually became part of the Union of South Africa in 1910.

when laws stooping africans from owning land were implemented

1913 and 1936

The Natives Act South Africa - 1923

The Natives Act of 1923 was a crucial piece of legislation in South Africa that reinforced and expanded the restrictions on the movement and livelihood of Black South Africans. Officially known as the Natives (Urban Areas) Act, it aimed to control the urban population of Black people, who were often drawn to cities for work opportunities. The Act established regulations that required Black individuals to carry passes when entering urban areas, which restricted their ability to reside and work in urban locations without permission. This legislation was part of the broader system of apartheid that entrenched racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. It institutionalized the idea that cities were primarily for white residents, while Black people were relegated to designated areas, often far from their workplaces, creating further economic and social dislocation. The Act set the groundwork for a series of pass laws that would continue to disenfranchise the Black population and exacerbate inequalities for decades to come.

1948 election

The 1948 election in South Africa was a pivotal moment in the nation's history, marking the first election held under the newly implemented apartheid system. The election was conducted on May 26, 1948, and resulted in a victory for the National Party, which campaigned on a platform that explicitly advocated for the continuation and expansion of racial segregation policies. This election saw the formal introduction of apartheid, which legalized and institutionalized the systematic discrimination against non-white South Africans. The National Party's win led to the enforcement of laws that restricted the rights of the Black majority and other racial groups, profoundly affecting the political, social, and economic landscape of South Africa for decades to come. The apartheid regime that emerged from this election was marked by severe oppression, disenfranchisement, and violations of human rights, leading to significant resistance and struggle within the country.

Swart Gevaar

Swart gevaar was a term used during apartheid in South Africa to refer to the perceived security threat of the majority black African population to the white South African government.

what happened in 1951 and 1956

The removal of coloured people including asians from the common voting poles and creating a separate voting roll where they could vote for 4 white male MPs