Unit 7: Interwar Era

What was U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Point Plan?

A 1918 statement of principles for world peace that was used for peace negotiations in order to end WWI

The Treaty of Versailles blamed who for starting what?

Germany, WWI

What did the Treaty of Versailles force Germany to do?

Downsize their military, give up territory, and pay reparations

What was the concept of the League of Nations. Did the U.S. join? Why or why not?

The world’s first international peacekeeping organization, established to prevent future conflicts. The U.S. never joined because they feared joining would force them to joint future wars.

What was the War Guilt Clause?

A statement that forced Germany to accept full responsibility for causing WWI

What are War Reparations?

Payments, goods, or services that a defeated nation is forced to provide to the victors to compensate for the damage and losses.

When did the Russian Revolution take place?

1917-1921

What is Communism?

A political and economic ideology that aimed to create a classless society where all property and resources are publicly owned rather than private

Who were the Bolsheviks and who led this group?

A radical far-left faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party that eventually became the Communist Party, led by Vladimir Lenin

What was the name of the Russian royal family who would be executed during this time period?

The Romanov family

Who was Grigori Rasputin?

A Russian mystic and self-proclaimed holy man who gained enormous influence over the Romanov royal family in the years leading up to the Russian Revolution.

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

To formally end Russia’s participation in WWI

What is Totalitarianism?

An extreme form of government in which the state seeks to exert total control over every aspect of both public and private life

How did Stalin’s policy of Collectivization work?

It included individual peasant farms combining into large, state-controlled ones.

How did Stalin’s 5-Year Plans intend to boost the Soviet economy?

The 5-Year Plans aimed to rapidly industrialize the Soviet economy through the focus on heavy industry, increasing output and productivity across various sectors, often at the expense of consumer goods.

What was the Great Purge?

A brutal political campaign led by Stalin to consolidate his absolute power, where Stalin eliminated any potential opposition.

What was the Gulag System?

A government agency in the Soviet Union that administered forced labor camps.

What is Fascism?

A far-right, authoritarian political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, strong centralized government, and suppression of dissent.

Who were the Blackshirts?

The paramilitary wing of Mussolini’s National Fascist Party in Italy

What is a Paramilitary?

An unofficial force organized similar to a military

Which location did Italy invade in 1935, seeking to expand its empire in Africa?

Ethiopia

What is Hyperinflation? How did this impact Germany?

An extreme economic condition where all prices rise out of control, causing its currency to loose value. This severely destabilized Germany, and ruined the middle class.

What was the name of Germany’s government during this time period?

Weimar Republic

What was the name of Germany’s Parliament?

Reichstag

What was Gestapo?

The official secret police force of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

How did the Night of the Long Knives allow Hitler to gain power in Germany?

By destroying internal party opposition and securing the vital support of the German military.

How did the Enabling Act allow Hitler to gain power in Germany?

By legally dismantling Germany’s Democratic system and turning him into a dictator.

How did Appeasment allow Hitler to gain power in Germany?

By conceding to his aggressive demands in the hope of avoiding a second world war.

How did the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre impact India’s struggle for independence?

It shattered any remaining illusions of British justice.

What was the Non-Cooperation movement in India, and who was its leader?

The first mass-scale, nationwide campaign of nonviolent resistance against British rule, led by Mahatma Gandhi.

What was the Salt March and why did it take place?

It was a nonviolent protest led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 against the British salt tax in India. It involved a 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea to produce salt from seawater as a direct action against British laws.

What was the May 4th Movement?

A student-led cultural and political uprising In China

What was the significance of the Long March for the Chinese Communist Party?

It was a pivotal retreat by the Red Army that solidified the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and helped to establish it as a major force in China.

What incident marked the beginning of Japan’s aggressive expansion in East Asia?

Who became the Prime Minister of Japan in 1941, and pursued aggressive foreign policy?

Hideki Tojo