surgery- history of surgery + vocab

1. pain

2. infection

3. hemorrhage

what were the 3 great barriers in surgery? (those that made surgery difficult)

he was the first to use anesthesia. he did this with nitrogen oxide

what did Horace Wells do in 1844?

nitrogen oxide

what was the chemical first used as an anesthetic? (1844)

he did the first public demonstration of the use of ether gas as an anesthetic administered by inhalation in 1846. the effects lasted 5 minutes

what did William Morton do?

James Simpson

what is the name of the english professor that first used chloroform as an anesthetic in 1847 to relieve pain during birth?

first used chloroform as an anesthetic in 1847 to relieve pain during birth

what did James Simpson do?

a German who used cocaine as an anesthetic in 1884 for opthalmological surgery

who is Carl Koller?

Carl Koller

who first used cocaine as an anesthetic in 1884?

James Simpson

who used chloroform as an anesthetic in 1847??

the lack/absence of septic material.

this is accomplished with the correct use of sterile clothing, instruments, material, and equipment to prevent infection

what is asepsis?

asepsis

the lack/absence of septic material is __________

the use of drugs/chemical substances to inhibit, destroy, or decrease the # of microorganisms of the tissues, to decrease the risk of infection

what is antisepsis?

antisepsis

______ is the use of drugs or chemicals to inhibit, destroy, or decrease the number of microorganisms of the tissues

"the infection is caused by the pathological germs from outside"

what hypothesis about microbes did Louis Pasteur create?

Louis Pasteur

who first had the idea that infection is caused by pathological germs from outside?

Joseph Lister

who was the first to spray chemicals to keep germs out of the surgical field?

he was the first physician to use heat sensitization of surgical instruments

what did Ernest von Bergmann do?

John von Mikulicz

who was the first to come up with the idea of using a cotton hat, mask, and gloves in surgery?

came up with single-use rubber gloves

what is Carolina Hampton do to prevent infection during surgery?

hemorrhage

who created an apparatus in 1873 that was used for keeping a limb bloodless during amputation?

19th C

in what century were surgeons first able to access cavities?

Theodore Billroth

who was the first to perform modern surgery in the abdominal cavity, accessing the stomach, esophagus, and intestines?

creates a low pressure chamber for the first open chest surgery

what did Ernest Sauerbruen do?

Earl Rehn

who performed the first cardiovascular surgery?

Friedrich Trendelenburg

pulmonary embolectomy

who performed the first pulmonary surgery, and what was it?

open fracture reduction

what did William Lane do?

liver, brain, spinal cord, thyroid

what new organs were accessed at the end of the 19th C that were not yet operated on before?

any procedure performed in the operating room, involving the suture, incision, or manipulation of tissue. it requires regional, general, or spinal anaesthesia to control pain- or at least deep sedation.

define "major surgery"

lower than the normal value

hypo- means...

same

iso- means...

higher than the normal value

hyper- means...

before

pre- means..

after

what does post- mean?

inside of

what does intra- mean?

between

what does inter- mean?

half

what does hemi- mean?

increased size

what does -megaly mean?

bile

cole- means...

heart

cardio- means....

joint

arthro- means....

lung

pneumo- means....

surgical incision to access an organ

what does -tomy mean?

observation

what does -scopy mean?

reestablish/improve the shape of a body part

what is -plasty?

one

what does mono- mean?

a lot of

what does multi- mean?

new

what does neo- mean?

next to

what is para-?

through

per- means...

around

peri- means....

pus

pyo- means....

behind

retro- means...

over

what does supra- mean?

nerve

what does neuro- mean?

bone

what is the meaning of osteo-?

ear

what is oto-?

lip

what does cheilo- mean?

surgical removal

-ectomy is...

organ fixation

-pexy means...

bladder

what does cysto- mean?

intestines

what is entero-?

stomach

what is gastro-?

liver

hepato- means?

spleen

spleno- means?

kidney

what is nephro-?

testicle

what is orchi-?

ovary

what does ovari- mean?

nose

what is rhino-?

anus

procto- means...

puncture

what does -centesis mean?

surgical opening to create a communication with the exterior

what is -stomy?

cystostomy

opening of the bladder

what is the name for this operation?

enterotomy

incision of the intestine

what is the name for this operation?

gastropexy

fixation of the stomach to the abdominal wall

what is the name for this operation?

enterectomy

this surgeon is removing the intestines.

what is the name for this operation?

cystocentesis

puncture of the bladder to remove urine

what is the name for this procedure?

nephrectomy

surgical removal of the kidney

what is the name for the operation that was performed?

splenectomy

surgical removal of the spleen

what is the name for this operation?

esophagostomy

opening of the esophagus to the exterior for a feeding tube

what is the name for this operation?

orchidectomy

surgical removal of the testicle

what is the name for this operation?

ovariohisterectomy

removal of the ovaries and uterus

what is the name for this operation?